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Pharmacology > Cardiovascular pharmacology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of drug is Losartan?

A

ARB (AT1 recepor antagonist)

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2
Q

What type of drug is enalapril?

A

ACE inhibitor

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3
Q

What type of drug is atenolol?

A

Beta-1 selective adrenoceptor antagonist

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4
Q

What type of drug is propanolol?

A

Non-selective beta adrenoceptor antagonist

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5
Q

What type of drug is furosemide?

A

Loop diuretic

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6
Q

How does calcium antagonists work and what effects does it have?

A

Action: Blocks calcium channel inhibiting calcium to enter the smooth muscle cell, inhibiting vasocontriction.

Effects: Decreased vascular resistance and bloodpressure

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7
Q

How does nitrates work and what effects does it have?

A

Relaxes smooth muscle

Effect:
- Nitrate -> increased nitrate oxide -> increased cGMP -> depolarisation of myosin light chain -> vascular smooth muscle relaxation and decreased blood pressure

Can also cause dilation of large veins -> Reduce preloas and reduces work of heart

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8
Q

How does ACE-inhibitors work and what effects does it have?

A

Action:

  • Inhibits ACE (Angiotensin coverting enzyme)
  • Inhibits ACE breakdown of bradykinin

Effects:
- Decreased breakdown of bradykinin -> increased production of NO and prostagladin -> Vasodilation -> decreased blood pressure

  • Decreased conc. aldosteron -> reabsorption of H2O and salt -> decreased blood volume -> decreased cardiac owrk
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9
Q

How does AT1 receptor antagonists work and what effects does it have?

A

Action: Prevents angiotensin II to activate AT1 receptor

Effects:

  • Vasodilation -> decreased blood pressure
  • Decreased aldosteron -> decreased blood volume -> decreased cardiac work
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10
Q

How does alpha 1 - adrenoceptor antagonists work and what effects does it have?

A

Action: Block alfa 1 adrenoceptors

Effects:

  • Decreased vascular resistande -> decreased blood pressure
  • Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
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11
Q

How does nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists work and what effects does it have?

A

Action: Blocks beta adrenoceptors

Effect:

  • Decrease in cardiac output -> decrease in blood pressure
  • Decreased vascular resistance
  • Inhibition of renin
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12
Q

How does Beta-1 selective adrenoceptor antagonists work and what effects does it have?

A

Action: Block beta 1 AR

Effect:
- Decrease cardiac output -> Decrease blood pressure

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13
Q

How does class I - antiarrythmic drugs work and what effects does it have?

A
  • Blocks Na+ channels

- Shortens action potential

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14
Q

How does class II - antiarrythmic drugs work and what effects does it have?

A

Action: Inhibits phase 4 depolarisation in SA and AV-nodes by blocking the beta-adrenoceptor.

Effects: Decreases heartrate and contractility

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15
Q

How does class III - antiarrythmic drugs work and what effects does it have?

A

Action: Blocks K+ channel
Effects:
- Prolongs phase 3 polarization in ventricular muscle fibers.
- Prolongs refractory period
- Dimish outward K+ current during repolarization

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16
Q

How does class IV - antiarrythmic drugs work and what effects does it have?

A

Action: Block L-type Ca2+ channels

Effect:

  • Effect AVN and SA node - prolonging refractory time
  • Effect cariomyocyte
  • Slow HR and reduce contractility
17
Q

How does digoxin work and what effects does it have?

A

Action: Inhibits Na+ /K+ - ATPase pump

Effect: Increase intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ -> Improved contraction -> reduced heart failure

18
Q

How does osmotic diuretics work and what effects does it have?

A

Action: Occurs in the proximal tubeli where NA+ and water is reabsorbed back into the blood

Effect: Decreased water in blood

19
Q

How does loop diuretics work and what effects does it have?

A

Action: Inhibit cotransport of Na+/K+/2 Cl- in the ascending limb of the loop of Henles

Effect:

  • Decrease reabsorption of these ions and water
  • Increase in Ca2+ content in urine
  • Venodilation
20
Q

How does tiazide diuretics work and what effects does it have?

A

Action: Inhibits Na+/Cl- in the distal tubeli

Effect:

  • Increased excretion of Na+ and Cl-
  • Decreased excretion of Ca2+
  • Decreased peripheral vascular resistance -> decreased blood volume -> decreased cardiac output
21
Q

How does statins work and what effects does it have?

A

Action: Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase (involved in the production of cholesterol)

Effect: Deplete intracellular cholesterol -> Increase in LDL receptors -> decrease in plasma concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride levels, increase in HDL

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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