Allergy and airway pharmacology Flashcards
What type of drug is Loratadin?
Generation 2 antihistamine
What type of drug is Salbutamol?
SABA (short acting b2 antagonist)
What type of drug is Budesonide?
Glucocorticoid
How does antihistamines work and what is the difference between generation 1 and 2?
Antihistamines are H1-receptor antagonist inactivating the receptor that is used to release histamines into the blood.
The difference between gen 1 and 2 is that gen 1 can cross the brain blood barrier which can cause sedation.
How does B2-adrenergic agonists work and what effects does it have?
Directly relaxes airway smooth muscle
- Inhibits release of spasmogen (substance which contracts smooth muscle)
- Inhibits permeability edema
- Stimulates muscocilar clearance
What two variants of B2 adrenergic agonists are there and what is the difference?
There are short and long acting B2-agonists.
SABA has a rapid onset and lasts for 2-6h
LABA lasts for up to 12h and should be taken regulary
How does cholinergic antagonists work and what effects does it have?
Blocks cholinergic receptors to prevent smooth muscle contraction and increased mucus production
What effects does leukotriene modifiers have?
Reduces bronchocontriction, mucus production, vascular permeability and recruitment of eosinophils
How does glucocorticoids work and what effects does it have?
Action: Binds to intracellular receptor which translocates to the nucleus where it cause up and down regulation of certain genes
Effects:
Decrease number of infammatory cells
Decrease mucus secretion
Increace B-receptors in airway smooth muscle
Decrease cytokines in airway smooth muscle
How does anti-lgE work?
Binds to lgE and decrease the binding for lgE to receptor on mastcells and basophils which limits the release of mediators in allergic responses
How does Anti-IL-5 work?
Binds to IL-5 and decreases the binding to receptors on eosinophols -> less activity of esinophils
