Cardiovascular Pharm Flashcards
What are the two goals of treatment for Angina?
1-Vasodilation (vasodilators)2-Decrease O2 consumption (b-blockers/Ca channel blockers)
What drug is very volatile and is used sublingually to treat angina?
Nitroglycerin
Which drug comes in an ampule to be crushed and inhale the fumes but is not used much anymore?
Amyl Nitrate
What are three toxicity effects of Nitroglycerin?
1-Orthostatic hypotension2-Tachycardia3-Throbbing headache*need 8 hours between use
Which drugs prevent Ca influx through L-type channels and block contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle to reduce O2 demand?
Ca channel blockers*Verapamil, Nifedipine and Diltiazem
What are two toxicity effects of Ca channel blockers?
1-Cardiac depression and bradycardia2-Flushing and dizziness
Which drugs are not a vasodilator but decrease blood output by decreasing HR, BP and contractility?
B-blockers (B1-selective*propranolol (non-selective) and atemolol (B1 selective)
Cigarettes smoking lowers what kind of cholesterol?
HDLs*these have an anti-atherosclerotic affect
Which condition is characterized by high VDL and LDL and is linked to insulin-related metabolic syndrome and alcohol ingestion?
Hypertriglyceridemia
What drug type is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-COA reductase?
Statins (affect LDL synthesis the most)*Lovastatin (Mevacor)Atorvastin (lipitor)Simvastatin (zocor)
What are two toxicity effects of statin drugs?
1-Liver toxicity2-Weakness in skeletal muscles
Which drugs increase the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver and muscles to reduce VLDL?
Fibrates*fenobrate (tricor). GI symptoms are primary side effect
Which drugs decrease triglycerides and LDL and cause mild flushing?
Niacin (Nicotinic acid)
Which drug reduces reabsorption of bile acids and metabolites and can cause constipation and bloating?
Bile-Acid-binding agents*cholesteramine
Which drugs inhibit intestinal absorption of cholesterol and reduces LDL?
Inhibitors of intestinal sterol absorption *ezetimibe
What are two types of heart failure?
1-Systolic (reduced contractility, and ejection. Usually younger)2-Diastolic (stiffening, doesn’t relax, increase with age)
Peripheral and pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, myocardial hypertrophy, reduced exercise tolerance and tachycardia are symptoms of what?
Heart failure
What two drugs are positive inotropic drugs used to reduce symptoms of heart failure?
1-Digitalis (foxglove plant)2-Digoxin (cardiac glycoside)
What are three side effects of positive inotropic drugs?
1-Premature depolarization 2-Ectopic beats3-Affects all excitable tissues
Which drug is a vasodilator that reduces pre and post load (smooth muscle relaxant)?
Hydralazine
Which drug is a B-adrenoceptor blocker and reduces HR and blocks sympathetic N.S?
Metoprolol
Ischemia and scarred tissue due to excessive catecholamine exposure can cause impulse formation and conduction problems referred to as?
Arrhythmias
What are 4 drug types used for Arrythmias?
1-Na channel blockers (class 1)2-Block sympathetic autonomic effects on heart (class 2)3-Prolong refractory period (Class 3)4-Ca channel blockers (class 4)
Which drug is usually not the first choice and is a na channel blocker?
Procainamide*most effective for atrial or ventricular arrythmias
Which drug is similar to procainamide?
Quinidine
Which drug has low toxicity and is effective against infarct-related arrhythmia as a 1st choice for ventricular arrhythmias?
Lidocaine
Which drug prolongs refractory and has pulmonary fibrosis as a side effect?
Amiodarone*ventricular and atrial
Which two drugs prolong refractory time and peripheral vasodilation by acting as calcium channel blockers?
-Verapamil-Diltiazem
