Cardiovascular Pharm

Question 1

What are the two goals of treatment for Angina?

Answer 1

1-Vasodilation (vasodilators)2-Decrease O2 consumption (b-blockers/Ca channel blockers)

Question 2

What drug is very volatile and is used sublingually to treat angina?

Answer 2

Nitroglycerin

Question 3

Which drug comes in an ampule to be crushed and inhale the fumes but is not used much anymore?

Answer 3

Amyl Nitrate

Question 4

What are three toxicity effects of Nitroglycerin?

Answer 4

1-Orthostatic hypotension2-Tachycardia3-Throbbing headache*need 8 hours between use

Question 5

Which drugs prevent Ca influx through L-type channels and block contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle to reduce O2 demand?

Answer 5

Ca channel blockers*Verapamil, Nifedipine and Diltiazem

Question 6

What are two toxicity effects of Ca channel blockers?

Answer 6

1-Cardiac depression and bradycardia2-Flushing and dizziness

Question 7

Which drugs are not a vasodilator but decrease blood output by decreasing HR, BP and contractility?

Answer 7

B-blockers (B1-selective*propranolol (non-selective) and atemolol (B1 selective)

Question 8

Cigarettes smoking lowers what kind of cholesterol?

Answer 8

HDLs*these have an anti-atherosclerotic affect

Question 9

Which condition is characterized by high VDL and LDL and is linked to insulin-related metabolic syndrome and alcohol ingestion?

Answer 9

Hypertriglyceridemia

Question 10

What drug type is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-COA reductase?

Answer 10

Statins (affect LDL synthesis the most)*Lovastatin (Mevacor)Atorvastin (lipitor)Simvastatin (zocor)

Question 11

What are two toxicity effects of statin drugs?

Answer 11

1-Liver toxicity2-Weakness in skeletal muscles

Question 12

Which drugs increase the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver and muscles to reduce VLDL?

Answer 12

Fibrates*fenobrate (tricor). GI symptoms are primary side effect

Question 13

Which drugs decrease triglycerides and LDL and cause mild flushing?

Answer 13

Niacin (Nicotinic acid)

Question 14

Which drug reduces reabsorption of bile acids and metabolites and can cause constipation and bloating?

Answer 14

Bile-Acid-binding agents*cholesteramine

Question 15

Which drugs inhibit intestinal absorption of cholesterol and reduces LDL?

Answer 15

Inhibitors of intestinal sterol absorption *ezetimibe

Question 16

What are two types of heart failure?

Answer 16

1-Systolic (reduced contractility, and ejection. Usually younger)2-Diastolic (stiffening, doesn’t relax, increase with age)

Question 17

Peripheral and pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, myocardial hypertrophy, reduced exercise tolerance and tachycardia are symptoms of what?

Answer 17

Heart failure

Question 18

What two drugs are positive inotropic drugs used to reduce symptoms of heart failure?

Answer 18

1-Digitalis (foxglove plant)2-Digoxin (cardiac glycoside)

Question 19

What are three side effects of positive inotropic drugs?

Answer 19

1-Premature depolarization 2-Ectopic beats3-Affects all excitable tissues

Question 20

Which drug is a vasodilator that reduces pre and post load (smooth muscle relaxant)?

Answer 20

Hydralazine

Question 21

Which drug is a B-adrenoceptor blocker and reduces HR and blocks sympathetic N.S?

Answer 21

Metoprolol

Question 22

Ischemia and scarred tissue due to excessive catecholamine exposure can cause impulse formation and conduction problems referred to as?

Answer 22

Arrhythmias

Question 23

What are 4 drug types used for Arrythmias?

Answer 23

1-Na channel blockers (class 1)2-Block sympathetic autonomic effects on heart (class 2)3-Prolong refractory period (Class 3)4-Ca channel blockers (class 4)

Question 24

Which drug is usually not the first choice and is a na channel blocker?

Answer 24

Procainamide*most effective for atrial or ventricular arrythmias

Question 25

Which drug is similar to procainamide?

Answer 25

Quinidine

Question 26

Which drug has low toxicity and is effective against infarct-related arrhythmia as a 1st choice for ventricular arrhythmias?

Answer 26

Lidocaine

Question 27

Which drug prolongs refractory and has pulmonary fibrosis as a side effect?

Answer 27

Amiodarone*ventricular and atrial

Question 28

Which two drugs prolong refractory time and peripheral vasodilation by acting as calcium channel blockers?

Answer 28

-Verapamil-Diltiazem