ANS Pharm

Question 1

What are the two types of parasympathetic ANS receptors?

Answer 1

muscarinic (M) and nicotinic (N)

Question 2

What are the agonists for muscarinic cholinoceptors?

Answer 2

Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, and Pilocarpine

Question 3

What antagonist suppresses all parasympathetic signals to M and N receptors?

Answer 3

Atropine

Question 4

What suppresses signals to muscarinic receptors?

Answer 4

Scopolamine

Question 5

What tissues are innervated by M1 receptors?

Answer 5

Stomach (increase acid secretion)

Question 6

What tissues are innervated by M2 receptors?

Answer 6

Heart

Question 7

What effects do M2 receptors elicit on the heart?

Answer 7

• decrease HR via SA node- decrease AP duration and contractility of atria- decrease conduction velocity via AV node- decrease contractility of ventricle

Question 8

What tissues do M3 receptors innervate?

Answer 8

GI tract, secretory gland, eye, cardiac vessels, respiratory tract

Question 9

What effects do M3 receptors elicit on the GI tract?

Answer 9

Contracts GI walls

Question 10

What effects do M3 receptors elicit on the secretory glands?

Answer 10

Increase secretions

Question 11

What effects do M3 receptors elicit on the eyes?

Answer 11

Constricts pupil via iris circular muscle

Question 12

What do M3 receptors do for the heart?

Answer 12

Activation of EDRF release to vasodilate cardiac vessels

Question 13

What effect do M3 receptors have on the respiratory tract?

Answer 13

Bronchoconstrict

Question 14

What neurotransmitter do Nicotinic receptors use?

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Question 15

What do Nm receptors innervate?

Answer 15

They innervate muscle via neuromuscular junctions

Question 16

What do Nn receptors innervate?

Answer 16

• autonomic ganglia in sympathetic chain and distance parasympathetic ganglia- adrenal medulla (release of catecholamines)

Question 17

What are the three biggest types of sympathetic ANS receptors?

Answer 17

alpha, beta, D (for dopamine-receptor)

Question 18

What tissues do alpha1 receptors innervate?

Answer 18

Eye, GI sphincters, Genitourinary (GU) sphincters, and blood vessels

Question 19

For all four tissues innervated by alpha1 receptors, will the agonist cause contraction or relaxation?

Answer 19

contraction (of iris radial muscle, of GI and GU sphincters, and of blood vessels)

Question 20

What are the agonists for alpha1 receptors?

Answer 20

Epi > NE, and Phenylephrine (PE)

Question 21

What is the antagonist that suppresses alpha1 action?

Answer 21

Prazosin

Question 22

What tissues do alpha2 receptors innervate?

Answer 22

GI walls, NE terminals, brainstem, and blood vessels

Question 23

What effect does an alpha2 agonist have on GI walls?

Answer 23

relaxation

Question 24

What effect does an alpha2 agonist have on NE terminals and brainstem?

Answer 24

decrease NE release in both places

Question 25

What do all alpha receptors do to blood vessels?

Answer 25

vasoconstriction

Question 26

What are the alpha2 agonists?

Answer 26

Epi > NE, Clonidine, Guanfacine

Question 27

beta1 receptors effect which organ?

Answer 27

Heart

Question 28

How does a beta1 agonist effect the heart?

Answer 28

- raise HR via SA node- increase contractility, automaticity- increase conduction velocity of atria, AV node, His & Purkinje fibers, and Ventricles

Question 29

What are the beta1 agonists?

Answer 29

Epi = NE, Isoproterenol

Question 30

What antagonist suppresses all beta receptors?

Answer 30

Propranolol

Question 31

What tissues do beta2 receptors innervate?

Answer 31

Eyes, heart, skeletal muscle vessels, trachea/bronchi, GI walls, bladder wall, uterus

Question 32

An agonist does what to eyes via beta2 receptors?

Answer 32

Relaxes ciliary muscle

Question 33

Epinephrine causes what to happen to the heart via beta2 receptors?

Answer 33

- raises HR via SA node- increase contractility of heart

Question 34

What effect do beta2 agonist have on skeletal muscle blood vessels, bronchi, GI walls, bladder wall, and uterus?

Answer 34

Relaxation of all

Question 35

What are the beta2 agonists?

Answer 35

Epi, Isoproterenol, Albuterol, and Terbutaline

Question 36

What beta blocker is used to treat anxiety and/or HTN by lowering blood pressure?

Answer 36

Propranolol

Question 37

What beta2 agonist is a common bronchodilator used in asthma patients?

Answer 37

Albuterol

Question 38

What beta receptor agonist is used to treat bradycardia?

Answer 38

Isoproterenol

Question 39

What drug causes vasoconstriciton, sphincter contraction, and is used in decongestant medications?

Answer 39

Phenylephrine

Question 40

What alpha1 antagonist is used to treat HTN?

Answer 40

Prazosin

Question 41

What alpha2 agonist is used to regulate blood pressure?

Answer 41

Clonidine

Question 42

How does d-Tubocurarine work?

Answer 42

It binds to Nm receptors to relax muscles

Question 43

How does succinylcholine work?

Answer 43

It depletes the neuron of ions so that another action potential cannot signal for the muscle to contract.

Question 44

What does bethanochol do?

Answer 44

it's a muscarinic agonist that increases secretions and GI tract motility

Question 45

How does pilocarpine work?

Answer 45

It binds to muscarinic receptors to increase secretions. In eye it causes the iris muscle to contract to increase fluid and drainage

Question 46

What is an antimuscarinic drug used to treat motion sickness?

Answer 46

Scopolamine

Question 47

What anticholinergic blocks ALL muscarinic and nicotinic receptors?

Answer 47

Atropine