Cardiovascular & Peripheral Vascular - Week 7 Flashcards
All are characteristics of patent ductus arteriosus except: (Bates, p. 412)
a. Continuous murmur in systole (S1) and diastole (S2), often with a silent interval
b. Loudest in late systole (S1)
c. Continuous murmur without a silent interval
d. Extends into & obscures S2
C
Cardiac output can be defined as: (Bates, p. 353)
a. The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during 1 minute
b. The load that stretches the cardiac muscle before contraction
c. The degree of vascular resistance to ventricular contraction
d. The difference between systolic & diastolic pressures
* Identify the other cardiac terms defined abov
A
The murmur associated with a child born with congenital aortic stenosis (an obstructive defect) is frequently not heard until adulthood. (Bates, p. 388).
a. True
b. False
*If you chose True, why is this true? If you chose False, when is it identified?
A
A 4 heart sound (S4) is often heard in the neonate until about 4 weeks old & is considered a normal variant. (Bates, p. 836)
a. True
b. False
B
Which of the following will present with a mid-systolic (crescendo, decrescendo) murmur? (Bates, p 409)
a. Aortic regurgitation (AR)
b. Mitral regurgitation (MR)
c. Mitral stenosis (MS)
d. Aortic stenosis (AS)
*Describe the characteristics of each of the above
D
You hear a pansystolic (holosystolic) murmur. You would characterize this murmur as: (Bates, p. 410).
a. A blowing decrescendo quality
b. Timing is a continuous murmur in S1 & S2, fades in diastole
c. Begins immediately with S1 & continues up to S2
d. Peak near midsystole & usually stop before S2
*Identify each murmur & example of each
C
You use your palm or fingertips flat or obliquely against the chest & note sustained, rhythmic impulses. You would describe this as a: (Bates, p. 385)
a. Thrill
b. Lift
c. Point of maximal impulse (PMI)
d. Dextrocardia
*What condition(s) are associated with the answer
B
You auscultate alternately loud & soft Korotkoff sound or a sudden doubling of the apparent heart rate as the cuff pressure declines. The FNP understands this to signal:
a. Pulsus alternans
b. Paradoxical pulse
c. Severe AS
d. Onset of cardiac shock
*What condition does this almost always indicate?
A
This can be described as a grade I-II/VI musical, vibratory, early & midsystolic murmur located over the mid or lower LSB; it may also be heard over the carotid arteries. You understand this to be: (Bates, p 878 & 879)
a. Venous hum
b. Still’s murmur
c. Carotid bruit
d. Pulmonary flow murmur
*Describe characteristics & location each. Identify if these are pathologic or
innocent
B
This technique can predict elevations in fluid volume in heart failure. (Bates, p. 375)
a. Having the patient sitting, lean forward & after full exhalation
b. Having the pt turn to the left lateral decubitus position
c. Palpation of the carotid artery during auscultation
d. Identifying & measuring jugular venous pressure (JVP)
*Identify what each maneuver is used to assess
D
In most adults over age 40 y.o., the diastolic sounds of S3 & S4 are normal variants. (Bates, 345)
a. True
b. False
B
in most adults over 40 the diastolic sounds of S3 and S4 are pathologic and are correlated with heart failure and acute MI
During systole: (Bates, p. 346)
a. The mitral & tricuspid valves open
b. The aortic & pulmonic valves close
c. The aortic & pulmonic valves open
d. The aortic & mitral valves open
*Describe events in the cardiac cycle
C
Splitting that appears on expiration & disappears on inspiration is known as: (Bates, p.
405 & 406).
a. Paradoxical or reversed splitting
b. Wide physiologic splitting
c. Decreased or absent
d. Systolic click
*Identify characteristics & conditions associated with the above
B
You suspect your pt may have MVP with MR. You know the best positions to auscultate are all except: (Bates, p. 406)
a. Squatting
b. Supine
c. Standing
d. Leaning forward
*Describe the associated murmur of MVP/MR
D
You are assessing the PMI. In the adult, you know that this should 2.5 – 3.5 cm. in diameter. (Bates, p. 345)
a. True
b. False
B
PMI is 1 to 2.5cm approx size of a quarter
