Cardiovascular monitors

Question 1

In what ECG lead are p-waves best seen?

Answer 1

Lead II

Question 2

What is the number one intraoperative cause of dysrhythmias?

Answer 2

Intubation (sinus tachycardia)

Question 3

What ECG changes can subarachnoid hemorrhage cause?

Answer 3

STTW changes, U waves, sometimes even Q waves.

Question 4

What is the incidence of signs of ischemia on ECG in patients with CAD?

Answer 4

20 - 80% of patient with CAD perioperatively

Question 5

What two ECG leads when combined are the most sensitive for detection of ischemia?

Answer 5

V4 and V5

Question 6

What factors can confound ischemia detection with ECG?

Answer 6

Digoxin
LBBB
pacemakers
LV strain
Artifacts

Question 7

What is the appropriate size of a NIBP cuff?

Answer 7

the width of the bladder cuff should extend along at least 1/2 of the extremity’s length and be 20 - 50% greater than the extremity’s diameter.

Question 8

What are complications of NIBP cuff use?

Answer 8

1. Compartment syndrome
2. Ulnar neuropathy
3. Artifact or misinterpretation

Question 9

Why does the intra-arterial pressure in the periphery have greater peaks and troughs than an aortic waveform?

Answer 9

The observed arterial pressure is the sum of the primary pressure wave and reflected waves and reflected waves are more prominent in periphery.