Cardiovascular Dynamics - equations

Question 1

Cardiac output (Q)

Answer 1

• CO = HR x SV
• CO = Cardiac Output (measured in liters per minute, L/min)
• HR = Heart Rate (the number of beats per minute, bpm)
• SV = Stroke Volume (the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat, measured in milliliters, mL)

Question 2

Heart Rate (HR)

Answer 2

HRMax = 220 - age

Question 3

Stroke Volume (SV)

Answer 3

= LVEDV - LVESV
* (LV = Left ventricle)
* End diastolic volume (EDV)
* End systolic volume (ESV)