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Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of Simvastatin

A

HMG-COA reductase inhibitor

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2
Q

Effect of Simvastatin

A

Lowers T. chol, LDL and Trig

Increases HDL

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3
Q

Marker for muscle injury

A

TotalCK

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4
Q

Simvastatin Side effects

A

Increase LF test
Myositis
Myopathy

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5
Q

Liporotein lipase inhibitor; Obesity

A

Orlistat

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6
Q

Orlistat Side effect

A

Steatorrhea

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7
Q

Decreases VLDL
inreases catabolism
decrease hepatic cholesterol synthesis

A

Nicotinic Acid (Niacin B3)

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8
Q

Nicotinic acid (niacin) AE

A

Facial flushing

Liver toxicity

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9
Q

Best drug for TGL control

A

Fibrates

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10
Q

What mimics amphetamine and is used for the treatment of obesity

A

sibutramine

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11
Q

Give 2 antihypertensives that affects the sympathetic nerve terminals

A

Guanethidine

Reserpine

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12
Q

MOA of guanethidine

A

depletes NE

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13
Q

MOA of reserpine

A

prevent vesicular uptake of NE

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14
Q

Reserpine AE

A

sensonural changes
suicidal ideation
mental depression

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15
Q

common side effects of centrally acting antiHPN

A

sedation, headache

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16
Q

HPN commonly used in pregnancy

A

Methyldopa

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17
Q

Methyldopa AE

A

(+) coombs
lactation
impotence
Drug induced lupus

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18
Q

Clonidine AE

A

rebound HPN

headache

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19
Q

3 examples of alpha adrenergic blockers

A

prazosin
terazosin
doxazosin

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20
Q

alpha blockers AE

A

first dose Othrostatic hypotension

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21
Q

“olol” drug classification

A

Beta blockers

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22
Q

Beta blockers adverse effects

A

Bronchoconstricion, impotence

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23
Q

B-blockers are used in caution to patients with what condition?

A

ASTHMA

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24
Q

Part of the vascular system with masimum PVR

A

arterioles

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25
Direct vasodilator used in preeclampsia
Hydralazine
26
Minoxidil side efects
hirsutism | male baldness
27
Direct vasodilator the dilates both the arterioles and venules
Na nitropusside
28
Common drugs used in Malignant HPN
Diazoxide Na Nitropusside Nicardipine
29
BP goal for malignant HPN
25% bp reduction
30
MOA of diazoxide
opens K channel
31
The two major changes that affects the RAAS
Hypovolemia | Decreased BP
32
Most common SE of ACE inhibitors
cough
33
Where is renin produced
juxtagromerular part of the KIDNEY
34
ACE inhibitor indications
HPN CHF DM nephropathy
35
ACE inhibitor effect
Vasodilation dec aldosteron dec cardiac remodelling
36
ACE inhibitor AE
Fetal hypotension when take 2nd and 3rd trimestor of pregnancy
37
Name a direct RAAS inhibitor
Aliskinen
38
A diuretic used for glaucoma and metabolic acidosis
Acetazolamide
39
Acetazolamide AE
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis | Interstitial nephritis
40
Mosto common side effect of Sulfonamides
Steven Johnson's syndrome
41
Where does your loop diuretic action takes place in the tubules?
Thick ascending
42
Thiazide diuretic AE
Hypochloremic metabolic acidosis
43
Potassiun sparing AE
Gynecomastia | Impotence
44
Used to treat shock, drug overdose and increasd ICP
Mannitol
45
What type of diuretic is mannitol?
Osmotic diuretic
46
Name 4 types of antiarrythmics
Na-Channel blocker B adrenergic K channel blockers CCBs
47
Name two dugs under Class 1a of antiarryhtmics
Quinidine/quinine | Procanamide
48
Quinidine AE
Cinchonism
49
Symptoms of cinchonism
Blurred vision tinitus headache dizziness
50
4 drugs that causes LUPUS like syndrome
Methyldopa Hydralazine Procainamide Isoniazide
51
Class 1b antiarrythmic
Lidocaine | Phenytoin
52
Advese effect of Lidocaine
Nystagmus - early | Drowsiness
53
Used for DIGOXIN induced atrial and ventricular arrytmias
Phenytoin
54
Used for sugical arryhtmias
Esmolol
55
reduction in thyroid hormone levels caused by ingestion of a large amount of iodine
Wolff chaikof
56
hyperthyroidism following administration of iodine or iodide, either as a dietary supplement or as contrast medium
Jod Basedow
57
Used in SVT
Adenosine
58
used in digitalis toxicity
potassium
59
Used for torsades de pointes
Mg
60
Symtpoms of digitalis toxicity
Altered color perception (yellow vision) Gynecomastia Hallucinations
61
Antidote for Digitalis toxicity
Anti Dig FAB fragments (DIGIBIND)
62
Treatment goals for ditigalis toxicity
Normalis K levels Mg Anti Dig FAB fragments
63
List 4 major groups of antihypertensive drugs, and give examples of drugs in each group. (Renin inhibitors are not considered an independent major group; can you name the one available drug that acts by this mechanism?)
Diuretics Sympathoplegics Vasodilators Angiotensin-renin Antagonists Renin - ALISKIREN
64
Describe the compensatory responses, if any, to each of the 4 major types of antihypertensive drugs.
Diuretics - Minimal Sympathoplegics - Salt and Water retention Vasodilators - Salt water retention and Takikardia Angiotensin-renin antagonist - minimal
65
List the major sites of action of sympathoplegic drugs in clinical use, and give examples of drugs that act at each site.
Centrally Acting (clonidine, methyldopa) Ganglion Blockers (Hexamethonium) Alpha blockers - Prazosin Beta blockers - propanolol
66
4 Mechanism of action of vasodilators
Reduction of calcium influx via L-type channels Release of nitric oxide from drug or vascular endothelium Hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle through open- ing of potassium channels Activation of dopamine D1 receptors
67
Describe the differences between the 2 types of angiotensin antagonists.
ACE inhibitor: angiotensin II synthesis Captopril ARBs: Blocks AT receptors Losartan

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