Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards
Anti hypertensive drug. Hypertension with co morbid CHF/DM. Side effects?
Captopril. Cough, angioedema
Anti hypertensive drug. First line drug for essential hypertension
HCTZ
Anti hypertensive drug. Contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis
Captopril
Anti hypertensive drug. For ACE inhibitor intolerance
Loasartan
Anti hypertensive drug. Hypertension with comorbid BPH
Prazosin
Anti hypertensive drug. Pre-eclampsia (maintenance medication) and side effects
Methyldopa. Hemolytic anemia (positive coombs test)
Anti hypertensive drug. Pre eclampsia (acute BP lowering). Side effects?
Hydralazine.
Reflex tachycardia, drug induced lupus
Anti hypertensive drug. Hypertensive emergency. Hypertrichosis side effect
Minoxidil
Anti hypertensive drug. Hypertensive emergency. Cyanide poisoning side effect
Nitroprusside
Portion of the electron transport chain affected by cyanide
Complex IV
Antidote for cyanide poisoning
Inhaled amyl nitrite + IV sodium nitrite + IV sodium thiosulfate
Anti anginal drug/s. Relief of acute anginal attacks. Sode effect?
NTG, ISDN
Headache
Anti anginal drug/s. Angina maintenance, vascular > cardiac effect. Side effects?
Nifedipine
Flushing, edema, gingival hyperplasia
Anti anginal drug/s. Angina maintenance, vascular = cardiac effect, vasospastic angina, Raynaud’s Phenomenon, DOES NOT cause gingival hyperplasia
Diltiazem
Anti anginal drug/s. Supraventricular tachycardia, cardiac > vascular effect. Side effect
Verapamil
Gingival hyperplasia
Why do patients taking nitrates usually experience throbbing headaches?
Meningeal artery vasodilation
Why is calcium-dependent neurotransmission or hormone release not affected by CCB’s?
CCB’s block L type calcium channels. Other functions use N-, P-, and R- types
What drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia?
“NapaCa-Pangit ng gingiVa mo!”
Nifedipine
Cyclosporine
Phenytoin
Verapamil
Drug/s for Heart Failure. Poistive inotrope for heart failure
Digoxin
Side effects of Digoxin
Arrhythmias (PVC, AVB), RG color blindness, visual haloes (Van Gogh)
Drug/s for Heart Failure. Treatment of Pulmonary edema in CHF
Furosemide
Drug/s for Heart Failure. First-line drug for Chronic CHF, cardioprotective
Ace inhibitors, ARBs
Drug/s for Heart Failure. Improves survival (decreases mortality) in CHF
Ace, ARB, B blockers, Spironolactone
Drug/s for Heart Failure. Decreases hospitalizations in CHF
Digoxin
Drug/s for Heart Failure. Improves survival in CHF patients of African American descent
Hydralazine + ISDN
What drugs have been shown to improve survival in cases of hert failure?
“ABA! Buhay ka pa!
Ace inhibitors
Beta blockers
Aldosterone antagonists
Antiarrhythmic drug/s. Treatment of all types of arrhythmias. Side effect?
Procainamide
Drug induced lupus
Antiarrhythmic drug/s. Side effect includes Cinchonism (headache, tinnitus, vertigo)
Quinidine
S/Sx of cinchonism?
Headache, tinnitus, veritgo
Antiarrhythmic drug/s. Post MI arrhytmias, digitalis arrhythmias. Side effects?
Lidocaine
Seizures
Antiarrhythmic drug/s. Contraindicated post MI, refractory arrhythmias
Fleicanide
Antiarrhythmic drug/s. Perioperativeand thyrotoxic arrhythmias, SVT
Esmolol
Antiarrhythmic drug/s. Side effect: dose dependent torsades de pointes
Sotalol
Antiarrhythmic drug/s. Most efficacious anti arrhythmic
Amiodarone
Side effects of Amiodarone
Skin deposits, pulmonary fibrosis, hyper/hypothyroidism
Antiarrhythmic drug/s. Outpatient management of SVT. Side effect includes gingival hyperplasia
Verapamil
What are the effects of class I antiarrhythmics on action potential duration?
Class IA: prolongs AP duration
Class IB: shortens AP duration
Class IC: No effect on AP duration
Class IA antiarrhytmics
“I am the queen who proclaimed Diso’s pyramid”
Quinidine
Procainamide
Disopyramide
Class IB anti arrhythmics
“I Buy Mexican Tacos from Lily”
Best post MI
Mixelitine
Tocainide
Lidocaine
Class IC Antiarrhythmics
“Chicken ay pagkain for enrico”
IC is contraindicated post MI
Propafenone, flecainide, encainide
Drugs that can cause agranulocytosis
Agranulocytosis! Cccappit! Clozapine Co trimoxazole Colchicine Aminopyrine Phenylbutazone PTU indomethacin Tocainide
Why are dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers not useful as antiarrhythmics?
Evoke compensatory sympathetic discharge which facilitates arrhythmias rather than terminating them
Diuretic. Acts on PCT. treatment of Glaucoma and mountain sickness
Acetazolamide
Side effect/s of acetazolamide
NAGMA, hepatic encephalopathy
Diuretic/s. Acts on TAL
Furosemide
Diuretic/s. Treatment of Pulmonary Edema
Furosemide
Diuretic/s. Most efficacious of diuretics
Furosemide
Side effects of Furosemide
Ototixicity
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia
Diuretic/s. Acts on DCT
HCTZ
Side effect of HCTZ
Nyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hypercalcemia
Diuretic/s. Acts on CCD
Spironolactone
Side effect of Spironolactone
Gynecomastia
Hyperkalemia
Diuretic/s. Acts on PCT, DCT and CCD
Mannitol
Diuretic/s. Treatment of Rhabdomyolisis and increased ICP
Mannitol
Diuretic/s. Contraindicated in Heart Failure
Mannitol
Diuretic/s. Causes acidosis
Acetazolamide
ACIDazolamide causes ACIDosis
Causes HAGMA
Mudpiles
Methanol Uremia Diabetic ketoacidosis Paraldehyde Isoniazid Lactic acid Ethanol Salicylates
Causes NAGMA
Hardup
Hyperalimentation Acetazolamide RTA Diarrhea Ureteral diversion Pancreatic fistula
What are the adverse effects associated with loop diuretics?
“OH DANG”
Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Dehydration Allergy to sulfa Nephritis Gout
Adverse effects of thiazide diuretics
Hyper GLUC
Glycemia
Lipidemia
Uricemia
Calcemia
Which drugs can cause gynecomastia?
“some drugs create awesome knockers”
Spironolactone Digoxin Cimetidine Alcohol Ketoconazole