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Pharma Pearls (Topnotch) > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

0
Q

Bacteriostatic antibiotics

A

We’re ECSTaTiC about bacteriostatics

Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim
Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol
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1
Q

Bactericidal antibiotics

A

“very finely proficient at murder”

Vancomycin
Fluoroquinolones
Penicillins
Aminoglycosides
Metronidazole
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2
Q

Side effect of penicillinse resistant penicillins and some examples

A

Interstitial nephritis

“I MET a NAsty Ox”

Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin

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3
Q

Side effect of exttended spectrum penicillins and some examples

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

Ampicillin

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4
Q

Side effect of antipseudomonal penicillins and some examples

A

Hypertension, hypervolemia, bleeding

Piperacillin
Ticercillin
Carbenicillin
Car

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5
Q

Penicillin with greater oral bioavailability

A

AmOxicillin

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6
Q

Organisms killed by Amoxicillin

A

“amoxicillin HELPS kill Enterococci”

H. Influenzae
E. coli
L. Monocytogenes
P. mirabilis
Salmonella sp.
Enterococci
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7
Q

1st gen cephalosporin, high bone penetration, surgical prophylaxis, greatest gram positive coverage

A

Cefazolin

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8
Q

Side effect of cefazolin

A

Hypersensitivity reaction

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9
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin with added gram negative coverage.

A

Cefamandole

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10
Q

Side effect of Cefamandole

A

Disulfiram reaction

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11
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin with pseudomonas coverage

A

Cefoperazone

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12
Q

Side effect of cefoperazone

A

Disulfiram reaction

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13
Q

Most efficacious cephalosporin for pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Ceftazidime

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14
Q

4th generationcephalosporin. Broad spectrum activity

A

Cefepime

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15
Q

Which cephalosporin has best penetration to BBB

A

Ceftriaxone

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16
Q

Microbes covered by 1st generation cephalosporins

A

“KEPs”

klebsiella
E coli
Proteus

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17
Q

1 st generation cephalosporins

A 
FADer, help me FAZ my PHarmacology boards
CeFADroxil
CeFAZolin
CePHalothin
cePHapirin
CePharadine
CePHalexin
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18
Q

Microbes covered by 2nd gen cephalosporins

A 
"HEN has KEPS"
H. Influenzae
Enterobacter aerogenes
Neisseria sp.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
E. coli
P. mirabilis
Serratia marascens
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19
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins

A

“in a FAMily gathering, you saw your FOXy cousin wearing a FUR coat and drinking TEA

CeFAMandole
CeFOXitin
CeFURoxime
CefoTEtan

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20
Q

Cephalosporins causing disulfiram reactions

A

Cefamandole
Cefmetazole
Cefotetan
Cefoperazone

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21
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins

A

FEnge PO ng PERA to FIX my TTTTTV
Basta mga may T=tri=3rd gen

Cefetamet
Cefpodoxin
Cefoperazone
Cefixime
Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime
Cefotaxime
Ceftizoxime
CefTibuten
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22
Q

Anti pseudomonal cephalosporins

A

TAZ, FEP, FOP

Ceftazidime
Cefepime
Cefoperazone

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23
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors with gray baby syndrome as a side effect

A

Chloramphenicol

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24
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitor with side effects which include toothe enamel discoloration, photosensitivity

A

Tetracycline

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25
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitor. DOC for penicillin-allergic patients

A

Erythromycin

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26
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitor. Binds to 50s. Highest volume of distribution. Single dose administration

A

Azithromycin

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27
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitor. Causes pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin

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28
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitor. Binds to 50s. Used for Vancomycin resistance

A

Linezolid

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29
Q

Used for anaerobic infections above the diaphragm

A

Clindamycin

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30
Q

Used for anaerobic infections below the diaphragm

A

Metronidazole

31
Q

Prototype aminoglycoside. Bactericidal. Binds to 30s. Nephrotoxicity. Ototoxicity

A

Gentamycin

32
Q

Aminoglycoside for treatment of ocular infections

A

Tobramycin

33
Q

Aminoglycoside for treatment of tuberculosis

A

Streptomycin

34
Q

Aminoglycoside used for drug resistant gonorrhea

A

Spectinomycin

35
Q

Aminoglycoside with widest spectrum of activity, pseudomonas covergae, narrow therapeutic window

A

Amikacin

36
Q

Aminoglycoside for treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

A

Neomycin

37
Q

Aminoglycosides will not work in this environment

A

Anaerobic conditions (require o2 for transport!)

38
Q

Antiviral for treatment of HSV and VSV, requires activation by viral thymidine kinase

A

Acyclovir

39
Q

Side effect pf acyclovir

A

Crystalluria

40
Q

Antiviral for treatment of CMV. Requires action of viral thymidine kinase

A

Ganciclovir

41
Q

Treatment of HSV, VSV and CMV, DOES NOT require thymidine kinase for activation

A

Foscarnet

42
Q

Antiviral which prevents viral uncoating, with influenza A and rubella coverage

A

Amantadine

43
Q

Side effect of amantadine

A

Livedo reticularis, cerebellar disfunction

44
Q

Antiviral DOC for influenza. Neuraminidase inhibitor

A

Oseltamivir

45
Q

Antoviral for treatment of Hepatitis B

A

Lamivudine

46
Q

Antiviral for treatment of Hepatitis C and RSV infection

A

Ribavarin

47
Q

Angiviral which is a pyrophosphate analog

A

Foscarnet

FOScarnet = pyroPHOSphate analog

48
Q

Antiretroviral drug which is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Requires phosphorylation, primary drug for HIV, prevents vertical transmission of HIV

A

Zidovudine

49
Q

Antiretroviral drug which is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), no phosphorylation required

A

Delavirdine

50
Q

Side effect of delavirdine

A

Hepatotoxicity

51
Q

Antiretroviral drug which is a protease inhibitor

A

Indinavir

52
Q

Side effects of indinavir

A

Fat redistribution syndrome, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance

53
Q

Primary antimalarial drug, prevents heme polymerization into hemozoin

A

Chloroquine

54
Q

Side effect of chloroquine

A

Retinal damage

55
Q

DOC of pregnant patents with malaria

A

Quinine

“pregnant queen”

56
Q

Side effect of quinine

A

Hypoglycemia, blackwater fever, cinchonism

57
Q

For eradication of HYPNOZOITES of P. vivax and ovale

A

Primaquine

58
Q

Malaria chemoprophylaxis for chloroquine resistant areas

A

Mefloquine

59
Q

Malaria Chemoprophylaxis for multi drug resistant areas

A

Doxycycline

60
Q

DOC for malaria in the philippines

A

Co-Artem

61
Q

Anti protozoal drug for asymptomatic cyst carriers of E. histolytica

A

Diloxanide furdate

62
Q

Ant protozoal drug for amebic dysentery, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis

A

Metronidazole

63
Q

Antiprotozoal drug for cryptosporidium parvum infection

A

Nitazoxanide

64
Q

Antiprotozoal drug for toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazene

65
Q

Anti protozoal drug for african sleeping sickness (T. Brucei)

A

Suramin + melarsopol

66
Q

Antiprotozoal drug for chagas disease (T. Cruzii) (toxic megacolon)

A

Nifurtimox

67
Q

Antiprotozoal drug for leishmaniasis

A

Stibogluconate

68
Q

Anti helminthic drug which inhibits helminthic microtubules. Ovicidal

A

Mebendazole

69
Q

Antihelminthic drug which inhibits helminthic microtubules. Ovicidal and larvicidal. DOC for hydatid disease(echinoccosis)

A

Albendazole

70
Q

DOC for filaria and loaloa. Side effect

A

Diethylcarbamazine

SE: filarial fever

71
Q

DOC for Strongyloides and Onchocerca. Side effect?

A

Ivermectin

Mazzotti reaction

72
Q

DOC for enterobius

A

Pyrantel pamoate

73
Q

DOC for trichonosis

A

Thiabendazole

74
Q

DOC for trematodes and cestodes EXCEPT echinococcosis

A

Praziquantel

75
Q

Back up drug to praziquantel

A

Niclosamide

Pharma Pearls (Topnotch) (6 decks)

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