Antimicrobials Flashcards
Bacteriostatic antibiotics
We’re ECSTaTiC about bacteriostatics
Erythromycin Clindamycin Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim Tetracycline Chloramphenicol
Bactericidal antibiotics
“very finely proficient at murder”
Vancomycin Fluoroquinolones Penicillins Aminoglycosides Metronidazole
Side effect of penicillinse resistant penicillins and some examples
Interstitial nephritis
“I MET a NAsty Ox”
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Side effect of exttended spectrum penicillins and some examples
Pseudomembranous colitis
Ampicillin
Side effect of antipseudomonal penicillins and some examples
Hypertension, hypervolemia, bleeding
Piperacillin
Ticercillin
Carbenicillin
Car
Penicillin with greater oral bioavailability
AmOxicillin
Organisms killed by Amoxicillin
“amoxicillin HELPS kill Enterococci”
H. Influenzae E. coli L. Monocytogenes P. mirabilis Salmonella sp. Enterococci
1st gen cephalosporin, high bone penetration, surgical prophylaxis, greatest gram positive coverage
Cefazolin
Side effect of cefazolin
Hypersensitivity reaction
2nd generation cephalosporin with added gram negative coverage.
Cefamandole
Side effect of Cefamandole
Disulfiram reaction
3rd generation cephalosporin with pseudomonas coverage
Cefoperazone
Side effect of cefoperazone
Disulfiram reaction
Most efficacious cephalosporin for pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ceftazidime
4th generationcephalosporin. Broad spectrum activity
Cefepime
Which cephalosporin has best penetration to BBB
Ceftriaxone
Microbes covered by 1st generation cephalosporins
“KEPs”
klebsiella
E coli
Proteus
1 st generation cephalosporins
FADer, help me FAZ my PHarmacology boards CeFADroxil CeFAZolin CePHalothin cePHapirin CePharadine CePHalexin
Microbes covered by 2nd gen cephalosporins
"HEN has KEPS" H. Influenzae Enterobacter aerogenes Neisseria sp. Klebsiella pneumoniae E. coli P. mirabilis Serratia marascens
2nd gen cephalosporins
“in a FAMily gathering, you saw your FOXy cousin wearing a FUR coat and drinking TEA
CeFAMandole
CeFOXitin
CeFURoxime
CefoTEtan
Cephalosporins causing disulfiram reactions
Cefamandole
Cefmetazole
Cefotetan
Cefoperazone
3rd generation cephalosporins
FEnge PO ng PERA to FIX my TTTTTV
Basta mga may T=tri=3rd gen
Cefetamet Cefpodoxin Cefoperazone Cefixime Ceftriaxone Ceftazidime Cefotaxime Ceftizoxime CefTibuten
Anti pseudomonal cephalosporins
TAZ, FEP, FOP
Ceftazidime
Cefepime
Cefoperazone
Protein synthesis inhibitors with gray baby syndrome as a side effect
Chloramphenicol
Protein synthesis inhibitor with side effects which include toothe enamel discoloration, photosensitivity
Tetracycline
Protein synthesis inhibitor. DOC for penicillin-allergic patients
Erythromycin
Protein synthesis inhibitor. Binds to 50s. Highest volume of distribution. Single dose administration
Azithromycin
Protein synthesis inhibitor. Causes pseudomembranous colitis
Clindamycin
Protein synthesis inhibitor. Binds to 50s. Used for Vancomycin resistance
Linezolid
Used for anaerobic infections above the diaphragm
Clindamycin
Used for anaerobic infections below the diaphragm
Metronidazole
Prototype aminoglycoside. Bactericidal. Binds to 30s. Nephrotoxicity. Ototoxicity
Gentamycin
Aminoglycoside for treatment of ocular infections
Tobramycin
Aminoglycoside for treatment of tuberculosis
Streptomycin
Aminoglycoside used for drug resistant gonorrhea
Spectinomycin
Aminoglycoside with widest spectrum of activity, pseudomonas covergae, narrow therapeutic window
Amikacin
Aminoglycoside for treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
Neomycin
Aminoglycosides will not work in this environment
Anaerobic conditions (require o2 for transport!)
Antiviral for treatment of HSV and VSV, requires activation by viral thymidine kinase
Acyclovir
Side effect pf acyclovir
Crystalluria
Antiviral for treatment of CMV. Requires action of viral thymidine kinase
Ganciclovir
Treatment of HSV, VSV and CMV, DOES NOT require thymidine kinase for activation
Foscarnet
Antiviral which prevents viral uncoating, with influenza A and rubella coverage
Amantadine
Side effect of amantadine
Livedo reticularis, cerebellar disfunction
Antiviral DOC for influenza. Neuraminidase inhibitor
Oseltamivir
Antoviral for treatment of Hepatitis B
Lamivudine
Antiviral for treatment of Hepatitis C and RSV infection
Ribavarin
Angiviral which is a pyrophosphate analog
Foscarnet
FOScarnet = pyroPHOSphate analog
Antiretroviral drug which is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Requires phosphorylation, primary drug for HIV, prevents vertical transmission of HIV
Zidovudine
Antiretroviral drug which is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), no phosphorylation required
Delavirdine
Side effect of delavirdine
Hepatotoxicity
Antiretroviral drug which is a protease inhibitor
Indinavir
Side effects of indinavir
Fat redistribution syndrome, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance
Primary antimalarial drug, prevents heme polymerization into hemozoin
Chloroquine
Side effect of chloroquine
Retinal damage
DOC of pregnant patents with malaria
Quinine
“pregnant queen”
Side effect of quinine
Hypoglycemia, blackwater fever, cinchonism
For eradication of HYPNOZOITES of P. vivax and ovale
Primaquine
Malaria chemoprophylaxis for chloroquine resistant areas
Mefloquine
Malaria Chemoprophylaxis for multi drug resistant areas
Doxycycline
DOC for malaria in the philippines
Co-Artem
Anti protozoal drug for asymptomatic cyst carriers of E. histolytica
Diloxanide furdate
Ant protozoal drug for amebic dysentery, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis
Metronidazole
Antiprotozoal drug for cryptosporidium parvum infection
Nitazoxanide
Antiprotozoal drug for toxoplasmosis
Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazene
Anti protozoal drug for african sleeping sickness (T. Brucei)
Suramin + melarsopol
Antiprotozoal drug for chagas disease (T. Cruzii) (toxic megacolon)
Nifurtimox
Antiprotozoal drug for leishmaniasis
Stibogluconate
Anti helminthic drug which inhibits helminthic microtubules. Ovicidal
Mebendazole
Antihelminthic drug which inhibits helminthic microtubules. Ovicidal and larvicidal. DOC for hydatid disease(echinoccosis)
Albendazole
DOC for filaria and loaloa. Side effect
Diethylcarbamazine
SE: filarial fever
DOC for Strongyloides and Onchocerca. Side effect?
Ivermectin
Mazzotti reaction
DOC for enterobius
Pyrantel pamoate
DOC for trichonosis
Thiabendazole
DOC for trematodes and cestodes EXCEPT echinococcosis
Praziquantel
Back up drug to praziquantel
Niclosamide