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Physiology 2 > cardiovascular changes at birth > Flashcards

cardiovascular changes at birth Flashcards

1
Q

fetal circulation

A

lungs do not do ventilation

placenta provides oxygenation

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2
Q

which is the most metabolically active organ?

A

brain

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3
Q

how is circulation changed after birth

A

3 shunts
streaming
vasoconstriction in pulmonary circulation

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4
Q

3 shunts

A

foramen ovale
ductus arteriosus
ductus venous

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5
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

blood bypasses lungs

carries blood from pulmonary arter

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6
Q

ductus venous

A

blood bypasses liver

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7
Q

pulmonary constriction in fetus

A

???

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8
Q

foramen ovale

A

allows flow from right atrium to left atrium

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9
Q

Pressure

A

P=flow x resistance

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10
Q

pulmonary vasoconstriction

A

maintains right atrial pressure high and keeps ductus arteriosus patent
reduces flow to lungs and diverts the pulmonary artery blood through the ductus arteriosus

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11
Q

what causes pulmonary vasoconstriction/ hypertension

A

hypoxia, if it continues after birth fetal circulation can persist

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12
Q

polycythaemia

A

increased concentration of haemoglobin

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13
Q

how is adequate oxygen delivery done in fetal tissues

A

fetal haemoglobin
polycythaemia
???

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14
Q

how is adequate oxygen delivery done in fetal tissues

A

fetal haemoglobin
polycythaemia
???

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15
Q

changes at birth

A

first breath> ppO2 increases and causes pulmonary vasodilation > fall in right heart pressure
placental circulation ceases > left heart pressure rises
Both cause foramen ovale closes > venous blood goes to lungs

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16
Q

what happens when placental circulation ceases?

A

systemic resistance increases

17
Q

closure of ductus arteriosus

A

closes after birth within 2-3 days, final event in sequence

18
Q

patency of ductus arteriosus

A

maintained by prostaglandin E2

19
Q

what happens if there is no first breath

A

continued hypoxia and fetal circulation continues

20
Q

what happens to foramen ovale

A

fossa ovalis

21
Q

what happens to ductus arteriosus

A

ligamentum arteriosum

22
Q

what happens to ductus venous

A

ligamentum venosum

23
Q

treatment for patent ductus arteriosus

A

ibuprofen - blocks prostaglandin production

24
Q

what causes a continuous murmur?

A

patent ductus arteriosus

Physiology 2 (20 decks)

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