Cardiovascular and Pulmonary: Peripheral Vascular Disease: Venous Disease

Question 1

Vericose Veins

Answer 1

• Distended swollen superficial veins

- May lead to ulcers

Question 2

Venous Thromboembolism

Answer 2

• Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein that can lead to complications including:
• Deep vein thrombosis
• Pulmonary embolism
• Post Thrombolytic Syndrome

Question 3

Venous Thromboembolism: Mortality

Answer 3

• Incidence of 10-30% within 1 month of diagnosis

Question 4

Venous Thromboembolism: Morbidity

Answer 4

• One third experiences another VTE within 10 years

- Can become chronic

Question 5

Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis

Answer 5

• Clot formation in a deep vein

- Occurs typically in LE due to forced immobilization

Question 6

Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis: Signs and Symptoms

Answer 6

• May be asymptomatic early
• Progressive inflammation
• Tenderness to palpation
• Dull ache
• Tightness
• Pain in calf
• Signs of edema
• LE discoloration
• Prominent superficial veins

Question 7

Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis: Medical Management

Answer 7

• Anticoagulant therapy

- Compression stockings

Question 8

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 8

Presents abruptly with: 
- Chest pain
- Dyspnea
- Diaphoresis
- Cough
- Apprehension
Requires emergency treatment

Question 9

Pulmonary Embolism: Can result in

Answer 9

• Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

- Potentially can lead to right heart dysfunction and failure

Question 10

Chronic Post-thrombotic Syndrome

Answer 10

• A combination of clinical signs and symptoms that persist after a LE DVT.
• Thrombosis resolution is incomplete

Question 11

Chronic Venous Stasis/Incompetence

Answer 11

• Venous valvular insufficiency

- Results from fibroelastic degeneration valve tissue and venous dilation

Question 12

Chronic Venous Stasis/Incompetence: Classification: Grade I

Answer 12

• Mild aching
• Minimal edema
• Dilated
• Superficial Veins

Question 13

Chronic Venous Stasis/Incompetence: Classification: Grade II

Answer 13

• Increased Edema
• Multiple dilated veins
• Changes to skin pigmentation

Question 14

Chronic Venous Stasis/Incompetence: Classification: Grade III

Answer 14

• Venous claudication
• Severe Edema
• Cutaneous Ulceration