Cardiovascular and Pulmonary: Medical and Surgical Management of Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Activity Restriction: Acute MI

Answer 1

• Activity increased once acute MI has stopped following a peak in Troponins
• Activity should be limited to 5 METS or 70% of age predicted HR-max for 4-6 weeks.

Question 2

Activity Restriction: Acute Heart Failure

Answer 2

• Oxygen demand should not be increased for those in acute or decompensated Heart Failure
• Once medically stable activity can be gradually increased while monitoring hemodynamic response

Question 3

Surgical Intervention: Percutaneous Trans-luminal Coronary Angioplasty

Answer 3

• Surgical dilation of a blood vessel using a small ballon tipped catheter .
• Balloon is inflated inside the lumen

Question 4

Surgical Intervention: Percutaneous Trans-luminal Coronary Angioplasty: Causes

Answer 4

Results in:

• Relieved obstructed blood flow in acute angina or MI
• Improved coronary blood flow
• Improved left ventricular function
• Anginas relief

Question 5

Surgical Intervention: Intravascular Stent

Answer 5

• A pliable wire mesh inserted during angioplasty to prevent occlusion
• May be coated with a slow release medication to prevent further plaque build up

Question 6

Surgical Intervention: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Answer 6

• Surgical circumvention of an obstructed artery using an anastomosing graft
• Multiple grafts may be necessary

Question 7

Surgical Intervention: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: Results in

Answer 7

• Improved coronary blood flow
• Improved left ventricular function
• Anginas Relief

Question 8

Surgical Intervention: Transplantation: Heteroptic

Answer 8

• Involves leaving the diseased heart and piggybacking the donor heart

Question 9

Surgical Intervention: Transplantation: Orthotopic

Answer 9

• Involves removing the diseased heart and replacing it with the donor heart

Question 10

Surgical Intervention: Transplantation: Other

Answer 10

• Heart and lungs may both be transplanted
• Major concerns include rejection
• Patient will be on immunosuppressive therapy

Question 11

Surgical Intervention: Ventricular Assist Device

Answer 11

• Implanted device that assists with pumping of the ventricle and helps to improve tissue perfusion and maintain cariogenic circulation

Question 12

Thrombolytic Therapy

Answer 12

• Administered after acute MI

- Activates body’s fibrinolytic system to dissolve clot and restore blood flow