Cardiovascular and Pulmonary: Chronic Arterial insufficiency vs Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Question 1

Chronic Arterial Insufficiency: Etiology

Answer 1

• Atherosclerosis
• Thrombosis
• Emboli
• Inflammatory Process

Question 2

Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Etiology

Answer 2

• Thrombophlebitis
• Trauma
• Vein obstruction
• Vein incompetence

Question 3

Chronic Arterial Insufficiency: Risk Factors

Answer 3

• Age greater than 60
• Smoking
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Gender: Slightly higher in Men
• Dyslipidemia
• Hypertension
• Hyperhomocysteinemia
• Race (African American)

Question 4

Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Risk Factors

Answer 4

• Venous hypertension
• Varicose veins
• Inherited trait
• Gender: Female
• Age
• Increased BMI
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Ligamentous laxity

Question 5

Chronic Arterial Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms: Pain

Answer 5

• Severe muscle ischemia
• Intermittent claudication
• Worse with exercise, relieved by rest
• Rest pain indicates severe involvement
• Muscle fatigue
• Parasthesias over time

Question 6

Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms: Pain

Answer 6

• Steady Pain
• Aching in lower leg with prolonged standing or sitting (dependency)
• Superficial pain along course of vein

Question 7

Chronic Arterial Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms: Location of Pain

Answer 7

Usually
- Calf
- Lower leg
- Dorsum of Foot
Can occur in
- Thigh
- Hip
- Buttock

Question 8

Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms: Location of Pain

Answer 8

• Muscle Compartment tenderness

Question 9

Chronic Arterial Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms: Vascular

Answer 9

• Decreased or absent pulses
• Pallor of forefoot on elevation
• Dependent rubor

Question 10

Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms: Vascular

Answer 10

• Venous dilation or varicosity

- Edema, especially after prolonged dependency

Question 11

Chronic Arterial Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms: Skin Changes

Answer 11

• Pale shiny or dry skin
• Loss of hair
• Nail changes
• Coolness of extremity

Question 12

Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms: Skin Changes

Answer 12

• Hemosiderin staining

- Lipodermatosclerosis

Question 13

Chronic Arterial Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms: Acute

Answer 13

• Arterial obstruction
• Distal pain
• Paresthetic
• Pale
• Pulseless
• Sudden onset

Question 14

Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms: Acute

Answer 14

• Acute thrombophlebitis (DVT)
• Calf pain, aching,
• Edema
• Muscle tenderness
• 50% asymptomatic

Question 15

Chronic Arterial Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms: Ulceration

Answer 15

• May develop in toes, feet, or areas of trauma
• Eschar
• Gangrene possible
• Regular shape

Question 16

Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Signs and Symptoms: Ulceration

Answer 16

• May develop insides of ankles especially over medial malleolus
• Along the course of veins
• Gangrene absent
• Painful
• Shallow
• Exudative
• Granulation tissue in the base
• Irregular borders