Cardiovascular Flashcards
What is the PTT time for Heparin?
Target is 1.5-2.5 or 25-35 seconds
INR is ony monitored for which medication?
Warfarin
Clonidine is prescribed for people with uncontrolled hypertension, what is one thing to remember with this medication?
rebounding BP
It should not be stopped abruptly and should be tappered 2-4 days.
What is a serious complication associated to STATINS?
Rhabdomylysis
what blood work do you need to check for STATINS?
Totla Cholesterol
LDL
Tri levels
what clients are prone to DVT
Immobilized
Pregnancy
obesity
cancer
What med is appropriate for HF?
Furosemide - LOOP
ACE-RIL to stop hyponatremia
Right sided HF?
Abd distention
Jug vein
Edema
hepatomeagly
What is a concern for propanlol?
Betas can cause bronchconstriction
s+s: wheezing
assess for hx of asthma
What is important when utilizing antiplatelet?
Monitor for signs of bleeding
Clopidogrel can cause purpura
What does unfractioned Heparin do?
It is an anticoagulant
Anticoagulant thrombus prevent from growing bigger and prevent new ones developing over time. Fibrinolytic will be taken down by the body.
What is MIDCAB?
Small incisions on the rib that hurt
What can statin drugs be taken?
Lower cholesterol
At night to be taken to by synthesized faster at night take with the evening meal
What med can you use along with heparin for DVT?
warfarin takes 48-72 hrs to help reach INR therapeutic effect
What is therapeutic aPTT?
46-70
What is kawasaki disease
Systematic vasculitis A fever that lasts more than 5 days S+S - conjuctivitis lymphadenopathy hand and foot sweel
What is treatment for IV immunoglobulin?
IV immunoglobulin and aspirin to prevent cardiac arrhythmia
What’s a big problem w/ kawasaki disease for children?
Coronary aneurysms 3 phases acute - high fever subacute - skin peels covalescent - symptom disappears
*watch for fluid overload? = can lead to pulmonary edema = HF
What is the first action to take w/ tetralogy fallot in infants?
knee chest position
what is the normal values for troponin?
<0.5
What is Tetralogy fallot?
Pulmonary regurgitation of the heart
The signs and symptoms are Jugular vein distention, oedema ascites weight gain, increased heart rate, decrease the pressure, and Tet
What are the contraindications for thrombolytic therapy?
Haemorrhage stroke within the last three months, cerebral malformation, active bleeding, aortic dissection, a BP greater than 180, as a solid greater than 110
What is the procedure for measuring orthostatic blood pressure?
Client stands for five minutes, measure blood pressure and heart rate, client stand up, repeat blood pressure and heart rate for one and three minutes
What is a normal CVP?
2-8,
Elevation indicates a fluid overload
What is ventricular septal defect?
Septal defect left to right of the heart,
Patient is at risk for congestive heart failure.
Once grunting occurs it indicates that congestive heart failure has occurred
What is the first thing you do for an ST elevation?
Attach a cardiac monitor
When a patient has a central venous catheter dislodged due to air embolism what should you do?
Applying occlusive dressing, Trendelenburg, monitored vitals, I notified the healthcare provider
What is the recommended MAP?
> 60-65
What are the signs and symptoms of chronic IV
Brownish thick skin on extremities and venous leg ulcer
What is chronic venous insufficiency ?
When lower extremities fail to keep blood moving forward
What med can increase risk for CVD?
NSAIDS- thrombotic event
What meds cause orthostatic hypertension?
Antipsychotic medication, anti-depressants, diuretics, vasodilators, narcotics, antihypertensive
What are the symptoms of left to right congenital heart disease?
Tacky piña tachycardia diaphoresis a heart murmur heart failure signs increased metabolic rates and the poor weight gain
How long can troponin be detected for
4 to 6 hours, peak is 10 to 24 hours, return to baseline 10 to 14 hours
What are the signs and symptoms of heart failure and children?
Pale extremities, PeriORbital Edema, rapid weight gain, decrease in wet diapers
What indicates rehydration?
Papillary refill of less than three seconds, tissue perfusion,Gravity urine specific in between 1.003-1. 030
What blood pressure medication cannot be used in pregnancy
Aceril and arbs
What can affect INR?
Antibiotics because it decreases vitamin K
What does it mean when a person feels a pin prick test?
Have an undiagnosed diabetes, peripheral neuropathy
What is sodium nitroprusside?
Highly potent vasodilator which can cause a decrease in blood pressure a person should be monitored by the nurse every 5 to 10 minutes to check for cyanide toxicity
What is radiofrequency ablation?
Causes SVT or ventricular does arrhythmia which requires temporary or permanent pacing
What is contraindicated in heart failure
NSAIDs because it causes sodium retention
When someone has a cold with hypertension
They should be asked if they are taking over-the-counter medications because it can cause visa construction
What is hypertensive crisis?
Life-threatening condition which can cause organ damage
What should you teach to someone who is taking the medication digoxin?
It can cause bradycardia so the patient should check their heart rate and it can cause toxicity
What are the negatives Affects of loop diuretics?
Furosemide(Lasix) can cause hypernatremia which equals dehydration, potassium levels are decreasing which equals to hypotonic dehydration
Signs and symptoms are
Increase in heart rate decrease in blood pressure increase in urine
What is important MAP for hypertensive crisis?
A map no more than 25% or 110 to 115
What are the side effects of aceril
Angioedema which increases in serum creatinine, hyperkalemia, hypertension, cough, orthostatic hypotension
ARBS are the alternatives
When is amiodarone is prescribed?
Usually given in a life-threatening arrhythmia
It is toxic and can cause pulmonary toxicity
What does the digoxin treat?
Afib and heart failure because it is an ionic tropic
What is PAD?
Burning pain, worsened by elevating the legs, the skin becomes dry, shiny and hairless legs
What is the intervention for Pulmonary stenosis?
Surgery, catheterization any rashes can delay
the procedure
What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary stenosis?
Cyanosis
Hypoxia
what is milirone?
a chronotropic
increases contractility and vasodilation
infused for 48hrs -72hrs
What are thiazide?
Diuretic for hypertension and edema
hyokal/natremia
hyperuricemia
hyperglycemia
What causes sinus bradycardia?
Calcium channel blocker’s, beta blockers be so vagal stimulation, and diseases such as hyper thyroid increase in intercranial pressure
What should be monitored for an
Abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Monitor for graph leakage
Decrease in BP increase in heart rate= prolong hypotension which means graph thrombosis.
Check for peripheral pulses, renal failure, neurologic status
If someone is receiving warfarin and has an INR of 5.0 what do you do
Call healthcare provider and prepare vitamin K
What is acute pericarditis?
Fluid in the pericardium which can lead to a cardiac tamponade
Signs and symptoms are ST elevation, place in High Fowler, pericardial rub
What does low albumin indicate in liver disease?
Oedema ascites
What is refeeding syndrome?
A fatal complication with malnourished clients
What are the drug toxicities for digoxin ?
GI toxicity visual Neuro cardiac arrhythmia
What is cardiac temponade?
Complication of the pericardial effusion decrease in cardiac output, struggle with heart contraction decrease in bp,
Increase in HR, increase in R
Muffled distant heart tones, jug vein, pulses pradoxus, dyspnea
What med can change sinus rhythm
Amiodorone, inutile
What are beta blockers?
Lol Causes Bradycardia, Hypotension Decrease in HR
What does calcium channel blocker’s and look diuretics and beta blockers and ace inhibitors do for afib
Reduce atrial heart rate
What med can you give if it has angioedema and cough?
Arbs Sartan
If a or has afib and low HR what meds can you give,
Ace /cal blocker/ beta
What can worsen HF?
Betalol because it decreases cute contractility of heart
What med will drastically affect HR
Digoxin so teach to count HR
What is a synchronized cardioversion?
It is used to convert tacharrhythmias SVT with a pulse to stable caardiac rythm.
When should shock be placed for someone with a cardioversion?
On the R wave and ensure defib is sync enabled.
What happens if you accidentally deliver a shock during the t-wave?
Can cause lethal arrythmia
What should pts taking cal blockers watch for?
Dizziness
edema
constipation
Orthostatic hypotention
What is the first thing you assess when you suspect PAD?
Palpate pulses - because it puts risk for arterial ulcers and infection.
How long nitro patches are applied for?
12-14 hrs
What is contraindicated with nitro patches ?
Erectile dysfunction meds - NAFIL endings causing severe hypotension
What is failure to capture?
When the pacemaker does not depolarize,bradycardia pulse<60
What to administer with Torsades de pointes?
Is a result of hypomagnesemia and requires IV magnesium.
Dopamine is administered for?
Hypotension
S/s of myocardial infarction -> meaning pulmonary edema
Crackles at bases
Pink frothy sputum
