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Adv Pro > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

period of ventricular contraction. Tri/bicupid valves close

A

systole S1

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2
Q

period of ventricular relaxation and refill

A

diastole

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3
Q

closing of aortic valve. end of systole

A

S2

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4
Q

represents atrial depolarization

A

p wave

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5
Q

represents ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

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6
Q

represents repol of ventricles

A

T wave

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7
Q

normal CO =

A

4-6 L/min

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8
Q

most common cause of hopitalization and death in older Americans

A

cardiovascular dysfunction CVD

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9
Q

hypertension blood pressure

A

140/90

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10
Q

hypertension w/ unknown cause

A

primary

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11
Q

hypertension 2* another identifiable medical problem

A

secondary

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12
Q

BP that fluctuates btwn normal and HTN

A

labile

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13
Q

HTN BP Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3

A
  1. 140-159/90-99
  2. 160-179/100-109
  3. 180+/110+
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14
Q

modifiable HTN risk factors (3)

A
  1. DM
  2. stress
  3. obesity
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15
Q

w/ HTN check BP….

A

before, during and after tx

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16
Q

HTN when exercising, BP may decrease as much as…

A

10-20mmHg

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17
Q

arthrosclerosis of the arteries of the heart

A

coronary artery disease CAD

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18
Q

plaque formation in artery resulting in progressive occlusion and decreased elasticity

A

arthrosclerosis

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19
Q

first and second most common sites for arthrosclerosis

A
  1. brain

2. heart

20
Q

most prevalent risk factor for CAD

A

lack of exercise

21
Q

chest pain that is a result of a partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery. Temporary pain that starts suddenly and radiates. Goes away when activity stops

A

angina pectoralis

22
Q

development of ischemia (decr blood flow) w/ resultant necrosis of myocardial tissue.

A

Myocardial Infaction MI

23
Q

MI s/s (5)

A
  1. chest pain
  2. nausea
  3. dyspnea
  4. pale
  5. weakness
24
Q

MI no gross pathological changes

A

0-6 hours

25
Q

MI grossly pale w/ swelling

A

6-18 hours

26
Q

MI gray color w/ fine yellow streaks. Edges may be red

A

24-48 hours

27
Q

MI heart wall thinner

A

8-10 days

28
Q

MI necrotic tissue replaced by scar tissue

A

6-8 weeks

29
Q

MI scar tissue more firm and less vascular. Appears pale

A

2-3 months

30
Q

Not a disease but a condition in which heart does not meet body’s needs. Group of clinical manifestations. Ischemic and pulmonary edema (L side)

A

Congestive heart failure CHF

31
Q

disease in which contraction and relaxation of myocardial mm fibers are impaired. Transplant

A

cardiomyopathy

32
Q

result of endocarditis. 3 types: stenosis, insufficiency, and prolapse

A

valve dysfunction

33
Q

stop PT w/ valve dysfunction if… (3)

A
  1. coughing
  2. weakness/fatigue
  3. pale
34
Q

uses another vessel to bypass occluded vessel

A

CABG surgery

35
Q

uses balloon at end of catheter to widen lumen of artery

A

PCTA

36
Q

sternal precautions (2)

A
  1. don’t lift arms above 90*

2. don’t lift more than 10#

37
Q

cardiac rehab components (5)

A
  1. education
  2. exercise
  3. physical
  4. psychological
  5. functional
38
Q

Cardiac rehab contraindications (4)

A
  1. SBP: 200+ DBP: 110+
  2. BP drops >20
  3. arrhythmia (uncontrolled)
  4. DM (uncontrolled)
39
Q

phase 1 cardiac rehab

A

3-5 days. counteract bed rest

40
Q

phase 2 cardiac rehab

A

6 weeks. vitals monitored. functional

41
Q

phase 3 cardiac rehab

A

6 weeks. weaned monitoring. more intense

42
Q

phase 4 cardiac rehab

A

1 year. preventative

43
Q

cardiac rehab advice (6)

A
  1. get up everyday
  2. pace
  3. sleep 6-8 hours
  4. avoid extreme temp
  5. avoid heavy objects
  6. Look out for GERDS
44
Q

disproportionate responses to exercise HR

A

HR decr >10

45
Q

disproportionate responses to exercise BP (

A
  1. SBP decr > 20
  2. SBP incr >40
  3. SBP >180 notify physician
  4. SBP >200 stop
46
Q

stop post MI HR increases….

A

incr >20 bpm or HR >120

47
Q

stop post CABG HR increases…

A

incr >30 bpm or HR >130

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