Cardiovascular Flashcards
Drug of choice for complete AV block
Epinephrine
What are your cardiac stimulants?
B-1 agonists, Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, Glucagon, and Calcium salts
What doe Isoproteranol do?
Works on B1 and B2 receptors.
Most potent cardiac stimulant
What does Epinephrine do?
B1 at low dose, A1 at high dose.
No vasoconstriction at low dose.
Reflex bradycardia is high dose.
What does dopamine do?
Dopamine receptors + B1 at low dose and A1 at high dose.
Least likely to cause tachycardia
Positive ionotropic drugs
Digitalis glycosides (Digoxin) B1 Agonists
What is the mechanism of action for Digoxin?
Inhibition of pump, increase in Ca+, increase in contractility.
T/F Digoxin undergoes enterohepatic recycling
True.
Mainly renal secretion though
Toxicity of Digoxin
Very toxic, especially cardiotoxic - arrhythmias
What does acute intoxication of Digoxin cause vs a chronic intoxication?
Acute –> increase in potassium
Chronic –> decrease in potassium
What are our Vasodilators?
ACE inhibitors (enalopril), Hydralazine, and Nitrates (Prazosin)
What are our Inodilators?
Pimobendan ***** and Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
What is pimobendin used for?
Inodilation with CHF/DilatedCM.
*Not used with HCM
What is Carvedilol used for and how does it work?
Tx of CHF due to DilatedCM.
Nonselective, blocks B1, B2 and A1
Give me three reasons why nonselective beta blockers are better.
- B2 can cause vasoconstriction
- B2 can cause bronchoconstriction
- B2 can cause hypoglycemia
Example of a loop diuretic
Furosemide
Example of a thiazide diuretic
Chlorothiazine
Example of a potassium-retaining diuretic
Spironolactone, triamterene
What are the four classes of antiarrythmic drugs?
Class I: Sodium channel blockers a. prolonged action potential b. shortened action potential Class II: Beta Blockers Class III: Potassium channel blockers Class IV: Ca+ channel blockers
What is Quinidine used for?
Supraventricular fibrillation in horses
Class 1a - Na+ channel blocker
What is Procainamide used for?
Ventricular arrythmias
Class 1a - Na+ channel blockers
What is lidocaine used for?
Drug of choice to treat ventricular arrhythmias in dogs
Class 1b - Na+ channel blocker
What is phenytoin used for?
Digitalis-induced arrhythmias in dogs
Class 1b - Na+ channel blocker
What is propanolol used for?
Drug of choice (Beta blockers) for arrhythmias in cats
Class II - beta blockers
What is Bretylium used for?
Sympathetic vasodilator *toxic
Class III - K+ channel blocker
What are Verapamil and Diltiazem used for?
Myocardial hypertrophy
CLass IV - Ca++ channel blockers
What drugs treat atrial fibrillation?
Digoxin, Quinidine, Procainamide, Propanolol
Which drugs treat ventricular tachyarrhythmias??
Lidocaine, Procainamide, Quinidine, Phenytoin
Drugs of choice for tx of bradyarrhythmias?
Atropine and Isoproteranol
What is phenylephrine?
Selective alpha1 agonist (vasoconstrictor)
What are the sympathomimetics?
Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, PPA
What is phenoxybenzamine used for?
Vasodilator. Used to treat pheochromocytoma in hypertensive crisis
What is prazosin used for?
Selective Alpha1 blocker.
Vasodilator.
What do beta blockers end in.
What can they be used for regarding BV?
-lol
can block the RAAS system resulting in vasodilation
What is clonidine?
presynaptic Alpha2 agonist.
Vasodilator.
What is enalapril?
ACE inhibitor (also works on bradykinins)
Vasodilator.
DRUG OF CHOICE FOR HYPERTENSION IN DOGS
What is an Angiotensin II antagonist?
Losartan - antihypertenssive
What are your two direct acting vasodilators?
Hydralazine and Nitrates
What are your Ca2+ channel blockers that work at BV?
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Nifedipine
Amlodipine
Drug of choice to control hypertension in cats
Amlodipene
What do Ca2+ channel blockers do?
Vasodilation
What is the drug of choice for Myocardial hypertrophy in cats?
Diltiazem
Drug of choice for incomplete AV block
Atropine
