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PHA2 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Drug of choice for complete AV block

A

Epinephrine

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2
Q

What are your cardiac stimulants?

A

B-1 agonists, Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, Glucagon, and Calcium salts

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3
Q

What doe Isoproteranol do?

A

Works on B1 and B2 receptors.

Most potent cardiac stimulant

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4
Q

What does Epinephrine do?

A

B1 at low dose, A1 at high dose.
No vasoconstriction at low dose.
Reflex bradycardia is high dose.

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5
Q

What does dopamine do?

A

Dopamine receptors + B1 at low dose and A1 at high dose.

Least likely to cause tachycardia

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6
Q

Positive ionotropic drugs

A 
Digitalis glycosides (Digoxin)
B1 Agonists
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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Digoxin?

A

Inhibition of pump, increase in Ca+, increase in contractility.

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8
Q

T/F Digoxin undergoes enterohepatic recycling

A

True.

Mainly renal secretion though

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9
Q

Toxicity of Digoxin

A

Very toxic, especially cardiotoxic - arrhythmias

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10
Q

What does acute intoxication of Digoxin cause vs a chronic intoxication?

A

Acute –> increase in potassium

Chronic –> decrease in potassium

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11
Q

What are our Vasodilators?

A

ACE inhibitors (enalopril), Hydralazine, and Nitrates (Prazosin)

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12
Q

What are our Inodilators?

A

Pimobendan ***** and Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

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13
Q

What is pimobendin used for?

A

Inodilation with CHF/DilatedCM.

*Not used with HCM

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14
Q

What is Carvedilol used for and how does it work?

A

Tx of CHF due to DilatedCM.

Nonselective, blocks B1, B2 and A1

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15
Q

Give me three reasons why nonselective beta blockers are better.

A
  1. B2 can cause vasoconstriction
  2. B2 can cause bronchoconstriction
  3. B2 can cause hypoglycemia
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16
Q

Example of a loop diuretic

A

Furosemide

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17
Q

Example of a thiazide diuretic

A

Chlorothiazine

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18
Q

Example of a potassium-retaining diuretic

A

Spironolactone, triamterene

19
Q

What are the four classes of antiarrythmic drugs?

A 
Class I: Sodium channel blockers
a. prolonged action potential
b. shortened action potential 
Class II: Beta Blockers
Class III: Potassium channel blockers
Class IV: Ca+ channel blockers
20
Q

What is Quinidine used for?

A

Supraventricular fibrillation in horses

Class 1a - Na+ channel blocker

21
Q

What is Procainamide used for?

A

Ventricular arrythmias

Class 1a - Na+ channel blockers

22
Q

What is lidocaine used for?

A

Drug of choice to treat ventricular arrhythmias in dogs

Class 1b - Na+ channel blocker

23
Q

What is phenytoin used for?

A

Digitalis-induced arrhythmias in dogs

Class 1b - Na+ channel blocker

24
Q

What is propanolol used for?

A

Drug of choice (Beta blockers) for arrhythmias in cats

Class II - beta blockers

25
Q

What is Bretylium used for?

A

Sympathetic vasodilator *toxic

Class III - K+ channel blocker

26
Q

What are Verapamil and Diltiazem used for?

A

Myocardial hypertrophy

CLass IV - Ca++ channel blockers

27
Q

What drugs treat atrial fibrillation?

A

Digoxin, Quinidine, Procainamide, Propanolol

28
Q

Which drugs treat ventricular tachyarrhythmias??

A

Lidocaine, Procainamide, Quinidine, Phenytoin

29
Q

Drugs of choice for tx of bradyarrhythmias?

A

Atropine and Isoproteranol

30
Q

What is phenylephrine?

A

Selective alpha1 agonist (vasoconstrictor)

31
Q

What are the sympathomimetics?

A

Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, PPA

32
Q

What is phenoxybenzamine used for?

A

Vasodilator. Used to treat pheochromocytoma in hypertensive crisis

33
Q

What is prazosin used for?

A

Selective Alpha1 blocker.

Vasodilator.

34
Q

What do beta blockers end in.

What can they be used for regarding BV?

A

-lol

can block the RAAS system resulting in vasodilation

35
Q

What is clonidine?

A

presynaptic Alpha2 agonist.

Vasodilator.

36
Q

What is enalapril?

A

ACE inhibitor (also works on bradykinins)
Vasodilator.
DRUG OF CHOICE FOR HYPERTENSION IN DOGS

37
Q

What is an Angiotensin II antagonist?

A

Losartan - antihypertenssive

38
Q

What are your two direct acting vasodilators?

A

Hydralazine and Nitrates

39
Q

What are your Ca2+ channel blockers that work at BV?

A

Verapamil
Diltiazem
Nifedipine
Amlodipine

40
Q

Drug of choice to control hypertension in cats

A

Amlodipene

41
Q

What do Ca2+ channel blockers do?

A

Vasodilation

42
Q

What is the drug of choice for Myocardial hypertrophy in cats?

A

Diltiazem

43
Q

Drug of choice for incomplete AV block

A

Atropine

PHA2 (9 decks)

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