Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHA2 > Antifungals > Flashcards

Antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

Systemic mycoses

A

Histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, coccidiomysosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, and sporotrichosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Topical antifungals include:

A

Local antifungals EXCEPT griseofulvin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Systemic antifungals include:

A

Systemic antifungals PLUS Griseofulvin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the Broad-Spectrum topical antifungals:

A 
Azoles
Polyenes
Haloprogin
Cuprimyxin
Ciclopirox olamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the Narrow spectrum topical antifungals:

A

Tolfanate

Terbinafine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Other topical antifungals that do not fall under a ‘spectrum;

A

Iodides (tissue damage at high conc)
Lime sulfer
Thymol
Hexachlorphene (stains skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which ‘azole’ was originally an antihelmenthic?

A

Thiabendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which ‘azole’ is often made into an antifungal medicated shampoo?

A

Miconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the systemically administered antifungal drugs.

A 
Griseofulvin
Amphotericin B
Flucytosine
Azoles
Allylamines
Lufenuron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fungi cell membrane is made out of what

A

Ergesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the synthesis pathway of ergosterol?

A

Squalene (+Squalene epoxidase)

  • -> Squalene epoxide
  • -> Lanosterol (+14alphaDimethylase)
  • -> Ergosterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What drug blocks Squalene epoxidase?

A

Terbinafine (allylamines)

**Fungicidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What drug blocks 14 alpha dimethylase?

A

‘Azoles’

**fungistatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Amphotericin B/Polyenes?

A

binding irreversibly to ergosterol

**fungicidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is flucytosine mechanism of action?

A

inhibiting thymidylate synthase (like anticancer?)

**fungicidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Griseofulvin?

A

Inhibiting mitosis

**fungistatic

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Lufenuron?

A

inhibiting chitin

18
Q

What is Griseofulvin used for?

A

Oral treatment of dermatophytes (deposits in keratin)

19
Q

Contraindications/Adverse effect of Griseofulvin?

A

Enzyme inducer (drug-drug), GI irritation, idisyncratic liver dysfunction AND bone marrow suppresion in cats

20
Q

What is the most dangerous side effect of Amphotericin B?

A

NEPHROTOXIC

21
Q

What is Amphotericin used for?

A

Most effective drug for systemic mycosis in immuno-compromised animals (combined with azoles)

*Also can be used topically for candida

22
Q

How can you make Amphotericin B less nephrotoxic

A

use the liposomal encapsulate preparation as it is less toxic

23
Q

What is flucytosine used for?

A

Used to be used for cryptococcal meningitis with Amphotericin B (penetrates CNS while AmpB doesnt)

24
Q

Why do you need to give food before administering ketoconazole?

A

requires an acidic pH

25
Q

Contraindications effects of ketoconazole?

A
  • Inhibits 14 alpha Dimethylase in the fungi as well as the liver and adrenal cortex (not good)
26
Q

What does ketoconazole work on?

A

broad spectrum!
Local: dermatophytes, candida, and malassezia
Systemic: Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis (in immunocompetant)

27
Q

Adverse effects of ketoconazole?

A

inappetance, pruritis/alopecia, inhibited cortisol and testosterone synthesis, and teratogenic (DONT GIVE TO PREGNANT ANIMALS)

*cats are more sensitive

28
Q

What is Itraconazole the dug of choice for? (three things)

A

Systemic mycoses (Blastomycosis/Histoplasmosis), ASPERGILLOSIS, and SPOROTRICHOSIS

29
Q

Why is itraconazole better than ketoconazole?

A

Does not inhibit cortisol or testosterone synthesis at therapeutic doses

30
Q

Can you give ketoconazole or itraconazole to pregnant animals?

A

Hell nah

31
Q

What is the drug of choice for treating cryptococcal meningitis?

A

Fluconazole

32
Q

What is Terbinafine used for?

A

topical against dermatophytosis

33
Q

What enzyme can Terbinafine elevate in cats?

A

ALT

34
Q

What is Lufenuron used for?

A

Oral tx of dermatophytosis

*can also treat ectoparasites as they also have chitin

35
Q

Drug of choice for Aspergillus Keratitis in a horse?

A

Clotrimazole

36
Q

Drug of choice for Canine nasal aspergillosis?

A

Clotrimazole or Enilconazole

37
Q

Drug of choice for systemic aspergillosis?

A

Itraconazole

38
Q

Local fungal infections

A

Dermatophytes - ringworm (trichohyton/microsporum) and Candida

PHA2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions