Antibiotic crossword Flashcards
This test can be useful if a full culture and sensitivity cannot be preformed
gram stain
The kidney, liver, nervous system, bone marrow, and GI tract are common sites of _____________ with antimicrobials
toxicity
A nonselective toxic chemical used topically to kill microorganisms
Antiseptic
Technically this term refers to substances secreted by living organisms to inhibit other organisms
Antibiotic
Transferable drug resistance encompasses ___________, transduction, and transformation
Conjugation
An antibiotic that is effective against a number of gram positive and gram negative organisms is considered ____________ spectrum
Broad
When a group of susceptible animals are treated with antibiotics after exposure to a pathogen to prevent disease
Metaphylaxis
The Minimum bactericidal concentration is the lowest concentration of antibiotic that will cause this in a bacterium
Death
Dead bugs don’t _______
Mutate
This kind of resistance is present when a bacterium lacks the target of an antibiotic
Intrinsic
Potential nephrotoxicity of some antibiotics may be increases by concurrent use of these drugs
Diuretics
Mammalian cells lack this, but some antibiotics target it
cell wall
Antibiotics that target cell membranes tend to be more ___________
Toxic
Both chromosomal mutation and transferable drug resistance represent this type of resistance
acquired
Antibiotics that work best when a certain concentration is sustained over a long period of time are considered ____________-dependent antibiotics
Time
Antibiotics that work by inhibiting protein synthesis more commonly fall into this category
Bacteriostatic
The lowest concentration of an antibiotic that will stop the organism from reproducing is the minimum _____________ concentration
inhibitory
Concentration-dependent antibiotics often work best with _______ daily dosing
Once
A species in which penicillins should generally not be used orally
Guinea pigs
Broad spectrum antibiotic that induces microsomal enzymes to which resistance develops rapidly
Rifampin
A macrolide antibiotic that is also used as a GI prokinetic
Erythromycin
A carbepenam antibiotic that is used subcutaneously
Meropenem
Fluoroquinolones inhibit function of this enzyme
DNA gyrase
Acts as a 30s ribosomal subunit and can cause yellow discoloration of the teeth in young animals
Tetracyclines
Antibiotics that act as cationic detergents to disrupt cell membranes
Polymyxin B
Antimicrobial resistance due to mutation within the microbe
Chromosomal
The major toxicities seen with aminoglycosides are ototoxicity and _____________
nephrotoxicity
Resistance is due to normal lack of the antimicrobial target in the bacteria
Intrinsic
Class of antibiotics that are good against gram-negative bacteria as well as mycoplasma
Fluoroquinolones
Pus is so rich in this that it can overcome the action of sulfonamides
PABA
A natural penicillin that should not be given IV
Penicillin G
Banned in food producing animals due to risk of aplastic anemia in humans
Chloramphenacol
One of the most common adverse effects seen with sulfonamide use in dogs
KCS
This class is synergistic with penicillins in vivo but incompatible in vitro
Aminoglycosides
Streptogramin work on the ______ subunit of the ribosome
50s
Clindamycin is a member of this subclass of antibiotics that have good anaerobic activity
lincosamides
Specific treatment for tritrichamonas in felines
Ronidazole
A last resort antibiotic for MRSA in humans that prevents attachment of the ribosome to mRNA
Linezolid
A cell-wall disrupting antibiotic that is often used topically to avoid toxicity
Bacitracin
Azithromycin and some other macrolides have extended effects due to accumulation in these
Phagocytes
Ormetoprim is an example of a drug that inhibits this
dihydrofolatereductase
OFten used with other antibiotics for anaerobic infections and also has immunomodulatory effects
metronidazole
The lowest antimicrobial concentration at which bacterial replication is halted
MIC
A beta-lactamase inhibitor commonly combined with amoxicillin
Clavulanic acid
A first-generation cephalosporin used intramammary for mastitis in cattle
Cephapirin
High urinary excretion and more effective in acidic urine
Nitrofurantoin
A third generation cephalosporin that is a pro-drug aster converted to the acctive ingredient after absorption
Cefpodoxime
A topical antibiotic that can be useful against MRSP/MRSA and used for decolonization in humans
Mupirocin
A tetracycline that is usually used orally but can cause esophageal irritation
Doxycycline
A macrolide that can cause cardiac issues if given IV
Tilmicosin
Novobiocin activity against gram positive bacteria is ______
good
Commensal Bacteria can act as a ____________ for resistance genes
Reservoir
