Cardiovascular -2.6 Arterial Pressure

Question 1

Mean arterial pressure of Aorta

Answer 1

100 mmHg

Question 2

Mean arterial pressure of Large arteries

Answer 2

85 mmHg

Question 3

Mean arterial pressure of Arterioles

Answer 3

35 mmHg

Question 4

Mean arterial pressure of Capillaries

Answer 4

15 mmHg

Question 5

Calculation of Cardiac Output with Dilution Method:

Equation

Answer 5

CO = M/(Cxt)
M - Dye in mg
C - Concentration in mg/L
t - time of measurement in min

Question 6

Calculation of Cardiac Output with Fick’s Principle Method:

Equation

Answer 6

CO = O2 Consumption / (Qa - Qv)
O2 Consumption - Systemic: 250 ml O2/Min
Qa - Arterial blood O2 concentration 200 ml/L
Qv - Venous blood O2 concentration 150 ml/L

Question 7

Elevation of TPR effect on :
Psys
Pdia
Ppulse
Pmean

Answer 7

Elevation of TPR effect on :
Psys - Elevation
Pdia - Elevation
Ppulse - No change (since sys and dia elevate equally)
Pmean - Elevation

Question 8

Elevation of CO effect on :
Psys
Pdia
Ppulse
Pmean

Answer 8

Elevation of CO effect on :
Psys - Elevation (Higher than Pdia)
Pdia - Elevation
Ppulse - Elevation (Psys elevate higher than Pdia)
Pmean - Elevation

Question 9

Decrease of Compliance effect on :
Psys
Pdia
Ppulse
Pmean

Answer 9

Decrease of Compliance effect on :
Psys - Elevation
Pdia - Decrease
Ppulse - Elevation (Alot)
Pmean - No change

Question 10

How would elevation of Blood volume effect Arterial Blood pressure?

Answer 10

Elevate it

Question 11

How would elevation of Compliance effect Arterial Blood pressure?

Answer 11

Decrease it

Question 12

How is being a female affects Arterial blood pressure?

Why?

Answer 12

Decreases it.

Estrogen is a Vasodilator, TPR is lower, Pmean is lower

Question 13

How is being in hot Temperature affects Arterial blood pressure?
Why?

Answer 13

Decreases it.
Sweating causes causes the formation of Kallikrein and therefore Bradykinin in the Skin vessels - Vasodilation, TPR drops, Pmean is lower.

Question 14

How is being Anemic affects Arterial blood pressure?

Why?

Answer 14

Decreases it.

Viscosity decreases therefore Resistance to blood flow decreases and therefore TPR decreases which will decrease Pmean.

Question 15

How is exercising affects Arterial blood pressure?

Why?

Answer 15

Slight elevation in Arterial Blood pressure:
CO elevate in exercise: Sympathetic regulation Beta-1. TPR decreases in exercise: Local metabolites from muscle work like Lactate and Adenosine - Vasodilation.

Question 16

Sphygmomanometer - Mean Arterial Blood pressure:

Answer 16

Inflatable rubber cuff around arm, at the level of the Heart. Decreases the pressure and senses the equal pressure with Psys and Pdia. Calculates Pmean.

Question 17

Riva Rocci method

Answer 17

Same principle that the Sphygmomanometer relies on.
First Tapping sound as cuff pressure decreases is Psys.
Second Tapping sound as cuff pressure decreases is Pdia. Collectively called Korotkoff sounds.