Cardiovascular

Question 1

Murmur worsens after standing up

Answer 1

Sit back down! Think hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 2

Most common cause of myocarditis in kids

Answer 2

Coxsackie B (enterovirus)

Question 3

Diffuse ST segment elevation is seen with this condition

Answer 3

Pericarditis

Question 4

Boot-shaped heart on chest x-ray

Answer 4

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 5

Egg-on-a-string shaped mediastinum on chest x-ray

Answer 5

Transposition of the great arteries

Question 6

Snowman-shaped mediastinum on chest x-ray

Answer 6

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Question 7

Cardiac defect associated with Down syndrome

Answer 7

Endocardial cushion defect (atrioventricular canal defect)

Question 8

Reversible causes of cardiac arrest (6H’s, 4T’s)

Answer 8

H’s:
- hydrogen (acidosis)
- hypoxia
- hypovolemia
- hypothermia
- hypoglycemia
- hypo-/hyperkalemia

T’s:
- tension pneumothorax
- tamponade (cardiac)
- toxins
- thrombosis (pulmonary or coronary)

Question 9

Patient in shock that worsens after normal saline bolus

Answer 9

Cardiogenic shock

Question 10

Which rhythms require an unsynchronized shock?

Answer 10

Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia

Question 11

What is the first-line medication for supraventricular tachycardia?

Answer 11

Adenosine