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Obs & Gynae > Cardiotocograph > Flashcards

Cardiotocograph Flashcards

1
Q

Indications for CTG monitoring

A 
Maternal pulse >120
Pyrexia
Significant meconium
Fresh PV bleed 
Syntocinon
Severe hypertension or 2+ proteinuria 
Delayed labour
Hypertonus
Tachysystole
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2
Q

What is hypertonus

A

Contraction lasting over 60 seconds

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3
Q

What is tachysystole

A

More than 5 contractions in 10 minutes

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4
Q

What is normal CTG variability

A

5-25 beats

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5
Q

What is normal range of fetal HR

A

110-160

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6
Q

Why is fetal heart rate higher than an adult HR

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have equal effect on the heart rate

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7
Q

What is accountable for fetal HR variability

A

Competition of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

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8
Q

What is reduced variability for >40 minutes a sign of

A

Fetal hypoxia since medulla is first part of brain affected by hypoxia
Sleep
<32 weeks gestation

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9
Q

What is uncomplicated tachycardia

A

Fetal heart rate is between 160-170

Otherwise, CTG is normal

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10
Q

Management of uncomplicated tachycardia

A

Just monitor

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11
Q

What accounts for fetal HR accelerations

A

Increased fetal movements

Uterine contractions

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12
Q

Management of fetal bradycardia

A

Fetal blood sampling

Grade 1 C section if fetal distress (pH<7.2)

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13
Q

pH drop in bradycardia

A

pH drops by 0.1 every 10mins of bradycardia

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14
Q

What is late deceleration

A

Deceleration following uterine contractions

Reflects fetal hypoxia

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15
Q

What is early deceleration

A

Deceleration in sync with uterine contractions
Reflects head compression (stimulates parasympathetic nervous system)
Usually benign

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16
Q

What is variable deceleration

A

Large V-shaped drops in fetal HR in sync with uterine contractions
Reflects cord compression

17
Q

Management of variable deceleration

A

Doctor review
Change mothers position
Give oxygen

18
Q

What are accelerations and decelerations

A

+/- from baseline by 15bpm for 15 seconds

19
Q

Causes of fetal tachycardia

A

Chorioamnionitis
Anaemia
Hyperthyroidism

20
Q

How to analyse CTG pneumonic

A 
Define
Risk
Baseline 
RAte
Variability
Acceleration
Deceleration
Overall
21
Q

How often do you monitor heart rate in low risk

A

Stage 1: every 15 mins

Stage 2: every 5 mins

Obs & Gynae (37 decks)

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