Cardiorespiratory Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Thoracic cavity
A
- entrance is the thoracic inlet
- caudal border; diaphragm
- lined with serosa, pleura serous membrane
2
Q
Thoracic cavity serosa
A
- the lining of the thoracic cavity and its organs
- smooth surfaces of pleura are lubricated with pleural fluid
- pleura is attached to the bony and muscular parts of the thorax by endothoracic fascia
- pleura consists of two separate sacs surrounding each lung
3
Q
Pleural anatomy
A
- visceral pleura lines the lungs
- parietal pleura lines the thorax, consists of; costal pleura, diaphragmatic pleura and mediastinal pleura
- pleural cavity is between these
- pericardial pleura; part of mediastinal pleura on either side of the pericardium
- connecting pleura; connects visceral and parietal (pulmonary ligaments)
4
Q
Mediastinum
A
- the junction of the two pleural sacs near midline of the thorax forms a double layer called mediastinum
- mediastinum is connective tissue that separates these cavities
- both parietal and visceral pleura meet with the mediastinal pleura
5
Q
Types of mediastinum
A
- cranial; encloses oesophagus, trachea, great vessels, thoracic duct, lymph nodes, the thymus
- medial; pulmonary vessels, aortic arch, thoracic duct, azygous vein, lymph nodes, nerves, heart and pericardium
- caudal; aorta, vagus trunk, lymph nodes and left phrenic nerve
6
Q
Mediastinum species differences
A
- DOGS; barrier is delicate but complete
- HORSE; ventral to oesophagus is fenestrated to allow communication between cavities
- RUMINANTS; openings occur rarely in sheep
7
Q
Cranial vena cava
A
drains head and neck thoracic limbs and part of the thorax
8
Q
Caudal vena cava
A
formed in the abdomen by the junction of the internal and external iliac veins
9
Q
External jugular vein
A
formed near the angle of the jaw by the union of the linguofacial and maxillary veins
10
Q
Lymphatic vascular system
A
- immunological defense
- network of one-way vessels
- return remaining interstitial fluid to the blood
- often run parallel to veins
- begin at lymph capillaries
- overlapping edges of endothelial cells create valve-like openings
- fluid is called lymph
11
Q
Major lymphatic ducts
A
- right lymphatic duct; empties into right side of heart via jugular vein or cranial vena cava
- tracheal duct; empties into the thoracic duct or large veins near the heart
- thoracic duct; major lymph-collecting channel
12
Q
The Thoracic Duct
A
- Drains from the cisterna chyli
- Left side, dorsal to the renal artery
- Both the intestinal and lumbar lymphatic trunks drain into cc
- pass through aortic hiatus into the mediastinum
- mostly enters the left jugular or cranial vena cava
13
Q
Heart’s position in thoracic cavity
A
- middle part of the mediastinum
- 2/3 to 5/6 intercostal space
- tipped to left rests obliquely cranial to diaphragm
14
Q
Pericardial sac
A
- made of fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
- serous; has two layers, parietal and visceral
- between parietal and visceral; pericardial fluid
15
Q
Layers of heart tissue
A
- visceral (epicardium); outer layer
- myocardium
- endocardium; inner layer
