cardiology theraputics Flashcards
What class of drug is furosemide and what does it do
furosemide is a powerful loop diuretic.
can be given IV or in tablet form.
It is the treatment of choice for animals with chronic heart failure characterised by pulmonary oedema, pleural effusion and ascites
what class of drug is pimobendan and what does it do
pimobendan is a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor.
It is a positive ionotrope and a vasodilator.
treatment of choice for DCM and HCM
how do ace inhibitors work and what does it do
ACE inhibitors inhibit the formation of angiotensin 2.
thus prevents vasoconstriction and decreases sodium/water retention.
Treat CHF in cats and dogs
how does spironolactone work
It is a potassium sparing diuretic that binds to aldosterone binding sites in the distal tube.
Commonly used to treat CHF alongside furosemide.
*especially useful in dogs with ascites due to RHS heart failiure
How does digoxin work and what does it do
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that decreases conduction through the AV node (negative chronotrope).
It is used in the treatment of supraventricular arrythmias such as atrial fibrillation
Name some of the beta blockers used.
what are these used to treat for?
Atlenolol, sotalol, propanolol
They are negative chronotropes (reduce HR) and are used to treat
1. supraventricular tachyarrythmias
2. Ventricular premature complexes
3. systemic hypertension
4. aortic/pulmonic stenosis
What are the locations and differing actions of B1 and B2 receptors?
B1 receptors found in the heart which increase heart rate and contractility.
B2 receptors are found in the lungs and cause smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation
which beta blockers are non selective and selective?
propanolol and sotalol are non selective.
atlenolol is B1 seletive
What is clopidrogel and what condition is it commonly used to treat
Clopidrogel is an anti clotting agent that inhibits platelet activation.
Given to cats with HCM or aortic thromboembolisms
what is the beta agonist used
dobutamine.
used to treat refractory CHF if pimobendan insufficient
what does sildenafil do and what is it used for
sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that causes pulmonary vasodilation.
It is used to treat dogs with pulmonary hypertension due to right sided heart failiure;
what are the 4 classes of antiarrythmics
- sodium channel blockers
- Beta blockers
- Potassium channel blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
give 2 examples of a calcium channel blockers
Dilitiazem- negative ionotrope, positive lusiotrope. used to treat atrial fib
Amlodipine- selective calcium blocker in vascular smooth muscle. used to treat hypertension
whats the treatment for ventricular tachycardia
IV lidocaine
