Cardiology - Myocardium, Pericardium causes

Question 1

Reversible causes of cardiomyopathy

Answer 1

• Peripartum cardiomyopathy
• Tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy
• Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
• Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
• Cocaine
• Medications
• Ischemia
• Endocrine dysfunction
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
• Sarcoidosis
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Electrolyte abnormalities
• Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 2

Myocarditis

Answer 2

• Viral:
  
  • coxsackie,
  • HIV
  • Parvovirus B19
  • Human herpes virus 6
  • Adenovirus
  • Hepatitis C
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Echovirus
  • Influenza virus
  • Epstein-Barr virus
• Bacterial: diphtheria, clostridia
• Spirochaetes: Lyme disease
• Protozoa: Chagas’ disease, toxoplasmosis
• Autoimmune
• Drugs: doxorubicin, trastuzumab

Question 3

Pericarditis

Answer 3

• Viral infections (coxsackie)
• Tuberculosis
• Uraemia (causes ‘fibrinous’ pericarditis)
• Trauma
• Post-myocardial infarction, Dressler’s syndrome
• Connective tissue disease
• Hypothyroidism

Question 4

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 4

• Amyloidosis (e.g. secondary to myeloma) - most common cause in UK
• Haemochromatosis
• Sarcoidosis
• Loffler’s syndrome
• Scleroderma