Cardiology Flashcards
Most common complication of rheumatic fever
Mitral stenosis
Major criteria for rheumatic fever
Pancarditis Polyarthritis Erythema marginatum Sydenham's chorea Subcutaneous nodules
Minor criteria for rheumatic fever
Fever Polyarthralgia History of rheumatic fever Raised acute phase reactants (ESR and CRP) Prolonged PR interval
Cardiac associations with William’s syndrome
Pulmonary stenosis
Peripheral pulmonary stenosis
Supravalvular aortic stenosis
Correction for hypo plastic left heart
Norwood (staged procedure - 3 in total)
Correction for tetralogy of fallot
Blalock-Taussig shunt, then complete repair later
Presents with prolonged fever, malaise, anorexia + heart murmur, often with underlying congenital heart disease
Infective endocarditis
Management of patent ductus arteriosus causing heart failure
Fluid restriction
Optimise oxygenation
Indomethacin
Conditions associated with pulmonary stenosis
Alagille’s
Williams’s
Noonan’s
Conditions associated with HOCM
Pompe’s disease
Friedreich’s ataxia
Cardiac defects associated with Turner’s
Aortic stenosis
Coarctation
Aortic dissection
Cardiac defects associated with Marfan’s
Aortic dissection
Aortic incompetence
Murmur in VSD
Pansystolic, at lower left sternal border
Commonest cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease
Tetralogy of fallot
Murmur in ASD
Soft systolic murmur, best heart at upper left sternal edge with fixed split S2
ECG abnormality in secundum ASD
RV hypertrophy
RBBB
ECG abnormality in primum ASD
Superior axis
ECG abnormality in VSD
Normal if small
Biventricular hypertrophy if big
Which is more common, premum or secundum ASD?
Secundum
Murmur in truncus arteriosus?
Systolic murmur with a mid diastolic rumble
Causes of narrow complex tachycardia in neonates
Supraventricular re entry tachycardia
Atrial flutter
Atrial ectopic tachycardia
2 most common causes of endocarditis
Staph aureus
Strep viridans
Features of ToF
RV hypertrophy
VSD
RV outflow tract obstruction
Overriding aorta
Classically presents with chest pain radiating to the left shoulder after cardiac repair
Pericardial effusion
Associated with PDA
Congenital rubella syndrome
Down syndrome
Noonan syndrome
Associated with secundum ASD
Holt-Oram syndrome
Presents with ejection systolic murmur radiating to the neck with carotid thrill
Supravalvular aortic stenosis
Associated with supravalvular aortic stenosis
William’s syndrome
Syndrome associated with ToF
Di George
Presents with: normal S1 with ejection click and ejection murmur best heart at the upper left sternal edge radiating to the back
Pulmonary stenosis
Syndrome associated with pulmonary stenosis
Noonan’s
Presents as an cyanotic infant with a soft ejection systolic murmur and weak femoral pulses
Coarctation of the aorta
Syndrome associated with coarctation of the aorta
Turner’s
Complications of coarctation repair
Ischaemia of the spinal cord
Systemic hypertension
Re-coarctation
Cardiac lesions associated with Fetal alcohol syndrome
ASD
VSD
ToF
Coarctation of the aorta
Cardiac lesions associated with maternal phenytoin
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary stenosis
Coarctation of the aorta
PDA
Cardiac lesions associated with rubella
PDA
Peripheral pulmonary stenosis
Cardiac lesions associated with maternal lithium
Ebstein’s anomaly
Classically presents with pan systolic murmur best heard at the apex radiating to the axilla
Mitral regurgitation
Features of Alagille’s syndrome
Hepatic cholestasis
Butterfly vertebrae
Persistent posterior embryotoxon in the eye
Pulmonary stenosis
Features of congenital rubella syndrome
PDA Thrombocytopenia Cataracts Encephalitis Chorioretinitis Deafness IUGR Jaundice + hepatosplenomegaly
