Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 2 CK > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

A

Acute myocardial damage in post-menopausal women following a stressful event

Ballooning of LV, LV dyskinesia

Tx = beta blockers and ACE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Indication for Stress Test

A

Acute CP when EKG is not diagnostic and etiology still unclear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What meds do you use for CAD when ACE causes hyperkalemia?

A

No ARB (also hyperkalemia)

Hydralazine + nitrates

Hydralazine dilates arteries so must also dilate coronary vessels w/ nitrates so blood is not stolen away from coronary vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What meds lower mortality in chronic angina?

A

ASA + beta blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Indications for Statin

A

Any arterial disease (carotids, PAD, CAD. stroke, MI)

MI / stenting

10 yr risk > 7.5%

DM

LDL > 190

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Niacin Use & Side Effects

A

Use = add to statin to further dec LDL, inc HDL

Glucose intolerance

Elevated uric acid

Itching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gemfibrozil Use & Side Effects

A

Use = dec TGs

Side effect = inc risk myositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tx of Cocaine-Induced Chest Pain

A

Ca channel blocker (verapamil or diltiazem)

Beta blockers contraindicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Indications for CABG

A

3 vessels 70% stenosis or greater

2 vessels + DM

L main occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Steps in Acute STEMI

A

1 - EKG (diagnosis ST elevations)

2- ASA (more important than morphine, O2 or nitrates)

3 - cath lab

4- later start statin, beta blocker and ACE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Contraindications to Thrombolytics (5)

A

Major bowel bleed

Major brain bleed

Severe HTN > 180/110

Non-hemorrhagic stroke in last 6 mo

Surgery in last 2 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What drugs should be given in acute NSTEMI?

A

ASA, plavix

Low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) to prevent further clot formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common physical exam finding in new 3rd degree AV block?

A

Cannon A waves (atrial systole against closed tricuspid valve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does it suggest when blood in RV is more oxygenated than blood in R atrium?

A

Septal wall rupture (post-MI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the best initial test in CHF?

A

TTE - measure ejection fraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which meds have mortality benefit in HFrEF?

A
  • ACE/ARB
  • Beta blocker
  • Spironolactone or eplerenone
  • Hydralazine w/ nitrates
  • implantable defibrillator
  • Sacubitril (can be used to replace ACE if cough)
17
Q

Which beta blockers should be used in heart failure?

A

Metoprolol

Carvedilol

Bisprolol

18
Q

Indication for Bi-ventricular Pacemaker

A

EF < 35% and QRS > 140

19
Q

When should you order a BNP?

A

If pt has SOB w/ unclear etiology

Elevated in heart failure and pulmonary edema

20
Q

What is the relationship between inhalation and murmurs?

A

Inhalation = inc venous return to R side of hear (more intense tricuspid or pulmonic valve sounds)

Exhalation = squeezes blood out of lungs to L side of heart (inc intensity in mitral and aortic valve sounds)

21
Q

4 Unique Presenting Sx of Mitral Stenosis + 2 Populations to Think Of

A

1- dysphagia (L atrium is full and presses on esophagus)

2- Hoarse (L atrium presses on laryngeal nerve

3- atrial fibrillation from enormous LA

4- Hemoptysis

POPULATIONS = pregnant women & immigrants

22
Q

Tx of Aortic v Mitral Stenosis

A

Aortic - replace valve

Mitral - balloon valvuloplasty first

23
Q

TAVR v. Open Aortic Valve Surgery Risks

A

TAVR = higher risk aortic regurgitation and pacemaker placement

Surg = higher risk of AKI and atrial fibrillation

24
Q

MV Prolapse Tx

A

Beta blockers if symptomatic (CP, palpitations)

25
Q

Tx of HOCM

A

Beta blockers best initial

DO NOT USE DIURETICS (want volume in heart for less obstruction)

Implantable defibrillator if symptomatic (syncope)

Ablation of septum with catheter of alcohol –> surgical myomectomy

26
Q

Kussmaul Sign

A

Inc JVP on inhalation

Seen in restrictive cardiomyopathy & constrictive pericarditis

27
Q

How does amyl nitrate, hand grip, valsalva and squat effect murmurs?

A

Amyl nitrate = dec afterload

Hand grip = inc afterload, less emptying of the ventricle

Valsalva /standing = dec preload

Squat/Leg raise = inc preload

28
Q

Pericarditis Tx

A

NSAIDs for acute

Colchicine for prevention of recurrence

29
Q

Pulsus Paradoxus

A

Dec in BP by more than 10 mmHg in inhalation

Seen in pericardial tamponade

30
Q

Pericardial Knock

A

Sound in diastole

Represents ventricular filling in constrictive pericarditis due to rigid pericardium

31
Q

AAA Screening

A

Male who has ever smoked > 65 years old w/ US

32
Q

What is the worst cardiac disease in pregnant women? How do you treat it? Name 2 other common heart problems in pregnancy.

A

Worst = peripartum cardiomyopathy

TX = ACE/ARB, beta blocker, spironolactone, diuretics, digoxin

Others = Eisenmenger (reversal of shunt), worsening mitral stenosis because inc plasma volume by 50%

33
Q

When should you screen for secondary causes of HTN?

A

1 - if patient is < 30 yo, non-black and not obese

2 - if BP not controlled on 3 meds of different classes

Step 2 CK (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions