cardiology 7 Flashcards
What is a Bifascicular block?
A Bifascicular block is an RBBB with either a Left anterior fascicular block or a Left posterior fascicular block.
What are the characteristics of Left anterior fascicular block?
Common form of Bifascicular block characterized by left axis deviation and a qR pattern in lead aVL.
What are the characteristics of Left posterior fascicular block?
Rare form of Bifascicular block characterized by right axis deviation and an rS pattern in leads I and aVL.
What should raise concern for arterial ischemia?
Sudden onset of leg pain with swelling, purple color, and loss of distal pulses.
What is the diagnosis indicated by massive proximal deep vein thrombosis?
It indicates a concern for arterial ischemia.
What are tendinous xanthomas pathognomonic for?
They are pathognomonic for the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia.
What does ST segment elevation in lead aVR more prominent than V1 indicate?
It indicates diffuse endocardial ischemia in a patient with acute coronary syndrome.
What does a prolonged PR interval in a young adult with fevers and pulmonary edema indicate?
It indicates aortic valve endocarditis with acute aortic insufficiency.
What are the two common auscultation findings in aortic regurgitation?
Low pitched diastolic rumble at the apex and decrescendo diastolic murmur at the left sternal border.
What is the first-line treatment in hypertensive emergency and heart failure?
IV nitroglycerin.
How is early nondisseminated Lyme disease typically treated?
It is typically treated with oral doxycycline or oral amoxicillin.
What does a prolonged PR interval indicate in the context of infection?
It indicates that the infection has spread to the valve annulus with formation of perivalvular abscess.
What is the typical pain location in acute pericarditis?
Pain is typically located retrosternal and may radiate to the trapezius ridge.
How does the PAILS mnemonic work?
ST elevations in these leads create reciprocal ST depressions in the corresponding leads of the next letter in the mnemonic.
What is the best initial test for exertional dizziness and blurred vision?
Duplex ultrasonography of the subclavian artery.
What are the typical labs to order for PE workup?
INR, PTT, fibrinogen, D-dimer, troponin, and lactate.
What are the EKG changes in left ventricular hypertrophy?
Downsloping ST-T changes and T wave inversion in anterolateral leads I, aVL, and V4-V6.
What are classic clinical findings of severe aortic stenosis?
Slow rising carotid pulse, diminished S2, and late peaking systolic ejection murmur.
What are nonclassical symptoms of myocardial infarction?
Jaw, neck, ear, arm, and epigastric pain.
What is primary hyperaldosteronism associated with?
It is associated with low plasma renin activity.
What is HFpEF classified as?
A clinical syndrome where patients have signs and symptoms of heart failure and an EF greater than 50 percent.
