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Medicine > Cardiology 3 > Flashcards

Cardiology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

HF with reduced EF
<40%
Formerly systolic failure

A

HFrEF

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2
Q

HF with EF >/= 50%

Formerly diastolic hf

A

HFpEF

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3
Q

Causes of preserved EF

A 
Pathologic hypertrophy
Aging
Endomyocardial disorder
Restrictive cardio
Fibrosis
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4
Q

Causes of high output states

A 
Metabolic Thyrotoxicosis
Nutritional disorder beri beri thiamine
Excess blood flow requirement
Systemic AV shunt
Chronic anemia
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5
Q

Dec ventricular contraction
CAD, MI, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy
Low EF

A

Systolic dysfunction

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6
Q 
Nonconpliant ventricle
Concentric LVH due to HTN
restrictive cardiomyopathy
LV overload due to AR, MR
Normal to high EF + S4 gallop
A

Diastolic dysfunction

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7
Q

Cardiac disease without limitation of physical activity
Ordinary PA does not cause fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or angina

No symptom with ordinary exertion

A

NYHA Class I

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8
Q

Cardiac disease with SLIGHT limitation of PA
Comfortable at rest
Ordinary PA results in fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or angina

Ordinary activity causes symptoms

A

NYHA Class II

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9
Q

Cardiac disease resulting in MARKED limitation of PA
Comfortable at rest
Less than ordinary PA causes fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or angina

Asymptomatic at rest

A

NYHA Class III

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10
Q

Cardiac disease with INABILITY to carry on any PA without discomfort

Anginal symptom even at rest

A

NYHA Class IV

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11
Q 
Control of congestion
Stabilize HR and BP
-Candesartab (CHARM trial)
-Digoxin and Nebivolol trial (ineffective)
Improve exercise tolerance
A

HFpEF management

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12
Q

DOC to stabilize HR and BP in HFpEF

A

Candesartan

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13
Q

Cornerstone of therapy for HFrEF

A

RAAS blocker ACE/ARB

Beta blocker

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14
Q

Beta blockers that have beneficial effects to HFrEF

A

Carvedilol
Bisoprolol
Metoprolol succinate

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15
Q

HFrEF

Symptomatic NYHA II-IV give

A

ACEI or ARB + BB + Aldosterone antagonist (eple and spirono)

Avoid 4 drug tx

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16
Q

HFrEF drugs

A 
Hydralazine Nitrate
Ivabradine (Coralan) HR Na funny channels: Drug class Hyperpolarization Cyclic Activated Nucleotide-gated ch blockers
Valsartan + Sacubitril ARNI
Diuretics
Aspirin
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17
Q

Endopeptidase inbitor

Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor

A

Sacubitril

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18
Q

Nerve that transmits pain on MI

A

intercostobrachial nerve

TI-T4

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19
Q

Paroxysmal recurrent precordial or substernal chest pain causes by transient MI falls short of infarct

A

Angina pectoris

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20
Q

Most stable type of angina

Narrowing of CA atherosclerosis >75%

Transient chest pain precipitated by exertion, emotion, relieved by rest and vasodilator

A

Stable angina

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21
Q

Acute Pericarditis ECG

A

Stage 1 widespread ST elevation PR depression
Stage 2 ST segment normalization
Stage 3 T wave inversion
Stage 4 Normalization

22
Q

Most common type of pericarditis

A

Fibrinous

23
Q

Costochondritis of rib cartilage

A

Tietze syndrome

24
Q

Most serious cardiac arrhythmia

A

Ventricular fibrillation

25
Q

Mumur audible with steth partially off the chest

A

5/6

26
Q

Most persistent sign of infective endocarditis

A

fever

27
Q

Nitrate in CHF is for

A

venous vasodilation

28
Q

Most prominent sign in acute infective endocarditis

A

Fever

29
Q

Most common manifestation of rheumatic fever

A

Arthritis

30
Q

Corrigans Water Hammer pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

31
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

Impaired FG
Central obesity
HTN

32
Q

Aortic stenosis pulse

A

Pulsus parvus et tardus

33
Q

ECG in Wolf Parkinson White

A

Accessory pathway in atria and ventricles along AV ring
Short PR interval with delta wave
Prolonged QRS

34
Q

Cornerstone of HFrEF tx

A

ACEI + BB

35
Q

Major rf for MI

A

HTN
DM
Smoking
Dyslipidemia

Not Obesity

36
Q

Most common primary heart tumor

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

37
Q

AD

Multiple cardiac, extra cardiac, myoma, skin pigmentation, endocrine overactivity

A

Carney’s syndrome

38
Q

Most common sx in holiday heart syndrome

A

Palpitation

fr atrial fibrillation

39
Q

No heart failure
No rales or S3 (congestion sign)

Mortality rate

A

Killip Kimbal Class I

6%

40
Q

Heart failure
Rales <50% lunges
S3
Venous hypertension

Mortality rate

A

Killip Kimbal Class II

17%

41
Q

Severe heart failure: frank pulmonary edema
Rales >50% lungs

Mortality rate

A

Killip Kimbal Class III

38%

42
Q

Cardiogenic shock: hypotension SBP = 90, peripheral vasoconstriction (oliguria, cyanosis, diaphoresis)
Heart failure often with pulmonary edema

Mortality rate

A

Killip Kimball Class IV

81%

43
Q

Patients with high Killip Kimbal class

A

Had severe angiographic CAD
Higher incidence of ventricular dysfunction
Larger myocardial infarction

44
Q

Soft
Heard in all positions
No thrill

A

Murmur grade II

45
Q

Moderately loud

No thrill

A

Mumur grade III

46
Q

Loud and associated with

palpable thrill

A

Murmur Grade IV

47
Q

Loudest with thrill

A

Murmur Grade VI

48
Q

Very faint
Only by expert
Not heard in all positions
No thrill

A

Mumur Grade I

49
Q

Weakening of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy)
Myopathy
Intellectual disability
Retinal changes

In Females
Lysosomal storage
X linked dominant

Defect in the wall of the lysosome

A

Cardiac Danon disease

X linked Vacuolar cardiomyopathy and myopathy

50
Q

Deficiency in enzyme alpha-galactosidase

Febrile
Angiokeratoma
Burning pain (peripheral neuropathy)
Renal failure
Youth death
Ceramide trihexoside accumulation
Cardiovascular disease
A

Fabry disease

51
Q 
Cerebellar ataxia (spinal cord, DRG, heart hypertrophy)
Frequent diabetes
Loss of sensation in the arms and legs
Impaired speech 
Cardiomyopathy
Scoliosis
A

Friedreich’s ataxia

Spinocerebellar degeneration

Medicine (29 decks)

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