Cardiology Flashcards
What is the passage of blood through the heart?
superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspic valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk and arteries to the lungs, oxygenated blood leave lungs through the pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicupid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, coronary arteries
Why are funny channels funny?
because the are permeable to both K and Na and not calcium
Why are cardiac action potentials unique?
because depolarization is caused by sodium and calcium
____ causes pacemaker cells to initially depolarize, and in non-pacemaker cells ____ influx makes action potentials ___ with a plateau phase.
calcium, calcium, last longer
depolarization means
an action potential
How do you calculate mean arterial pressure?
diastolic *2 + systolic/3
Resistance is increased by
higher viscosciy, a longer length and smaller radius*
at the P wave
the atria repolarizes, and spreading of SA node signal
the QRS complex is
ventricle depolarization
T wave is ventricle
repolarization
Second degree heart block is when the
signal is not making it to the AV node so multiple P waves to trigger QRS
Third degree heart block ECG looks like
normal P but wide QRS
Artial fibrillation on an ECG looks like
no P and no QRS
the first and second heart sounds are from?
closure of AV valves and closing of semilunar valve
blood pressures are lower on the ____ side of the body
right
Diastole is when the ventricles are ____
relaxed
Systole is when the ventricles are _____
contracted
ESV = _______ ( __mL)
end of systole volume 65mL
EDV = _______ (___ mL)
end diastole volume, 135
Stroke volume = ____ and it is the amount of blood pumped by ____ in _______
EDV-ESV, a, 1 ventricle in 1 contraction
Cardiac output =
heart rate * Stroke Volume
What affects stroke volume?
preload of cardiac muscle cells, slow heartbeat/exercise, blood loss and rapid heartbeat
Parasympathetic Nerves _____ the heart rate via the hormone _____
slow down, achetacholine
Sympathetic nerves _____ the heart rate, through the hormone _____
increase, epinephrine
the sympathetic fibers can also increase ____ but the parasympathetic fibres have no affect on this
contraction
P wave to R is
atrial systole (starts to go into ventricles), conduction through AV node and AV bundle
QRS to end of T
ventricular systole (leaving the ventricles)
Between T and P
ventricular diastole (filling ventricles and then out to body)
S-T segment the ventricles
contract
T wave the ventricle
repolarizes
If the sympathetic nervous system increase contraction this will ____ stroke volume
increase
Net fluid pressure =
capillary pressure - interstitial fluid pressure - plasma colloid pressure + interstitial fluid colloid
edema means that filtration is _____ than capillary absorption
greater
Myocardial infraction is an elevated ___ interval
ST
diurectics ____ blood volume
decrease
if you block angiotensin 2 you decrease
vasoconstriction
