Cardiology

Question 1

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Answer 1

Oxygenated blood to rt atrium (vs lt atrium)
Increase rt ventricular activity
Normal sized heart
Pulmonary congestion
Pulmonary hypertension

Question 2

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 2

Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
VSD

Single S2
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Boot shaped heart
No increased pulmonary vascularity
Increased rt to lt shunting during tet spell

Question 3

Tet spell

Answer 3

Squat (increase peripheral vasc resistance)
Morphine
Phenylephrine
IV propranolol
IV fluids

Question 4

Hypoplastic left heart

Answer 4

Underdevelopment of lt ventricle, aorta
No murmur
Cardiomegaly
CHF

Question 5

Transposition of the great arteries

Answer 5

Ductal dependent
Cyanotic newborn
Single S2
Egg on a string
Increased pulmonary vasculature

Question 6

Ward Romano syndrome

Answer 6

Congenital long QT

Autosomal dominant

Question 7

Jervell Lange Nielson

Answer 7

Congenital long QT syndrome
Autosomal recessive
Hearing loss
Risk of ventricular arrhythmia, sudden death

Question 8

Acquired Long QT syndrome

Answer 8

Tricyclic antidepressants
Cisapride
Erythromycin

Question 9

Venous hum

Answer 9

Louder in sitting position

Varies with position, turning head

Question 10

Anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery

Answer 10

Steal phenomenon - drop in pulmonary vascular resistance

Myocardial ischemia -> irritability

Question 11

Rheumatic fever

Answer 11

Mitral valve > aortic > tricuspid, pulmonary