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AQA PE > Cardio-Respiratory System 1.3 > Flashcards

Cardio-Respiratory System 1.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is two systems is the cardio-respiratory system made from

A

Circulatory system and respiratory system

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2
Q

Function of cardio-respiratory system

A

Breathing and supplying oxygen

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3
Q

Respiratory order (6)

A
  • nose/mouth
  • trachea
  • lungs
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
  • alveoli
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4
Q

What is the epiglottis

A

Flap of tissue that covers trachea when eating

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5
Q

Gaseous exchange 1

A

Oxygen passes through alveoli and in to red blood cells in capillaries

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6
Q

Gaseous exchange 2

A

In capillaries oxygen combines with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin and carried around body

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7
Q

What is haemoglobin

A

Protein in blood cells that carries oxygen

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8
Q

What is oxyhaemoglobin

A

Bright red substance formed by haemoglobin and oxygen

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9
Q

Gaseous exchange 3

A

At the same time haemoglobin carries Carbon dioxide from body to capillaries

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10
Q

Gaseous exchange (4)

A

Carbon dioxide in capillaries passes through alveoli and is breathed out.

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11
Q

What makes alveoli have an efficient exchange area (4)

A
  • walls one cell thick
  • large surface area
  • capillary network
  • layer of water lining alveolus
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12
Q

What is surfactant

A

Mix of lipids and proteins that reduce tension in alveoli

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13
Q

Diffusion pathway definition

A

Distance travelled during diffusion

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14
Q

Synonym for inhalation

A

Inspiration

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15
Q

Synonym for inspiration

A

Inhalation

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16
Q

Synonym for expiration

A

Exhalation

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17
Q

Synonym for exhalation

A

Expiration

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18
Q

What happens to diaphragm when we inspire (2)

A

Flattens and moves downwards

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19
Q

What happens to intercostal muscles when we inspire (4)

A

Contract, raising ribs up and pushing out the sternum, making chest cavity bigger

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20
Q

What happens when chest cavity is larger (2)

A

Reduces air pressure inside chest cavity, sucking air in

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21
Q

What happens to diaphragm when we expire

A

Becomes dome shaped

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22
Q

What happens to intercostal muscles when we expire (4)

A

Relax, lowering ribs and dropping sternum, making chest cavity smaller

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23
Q

What happens when chest cavity is smaller (2)

A

Increases air pressure in cavity, pushing air out

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24
Q

Tidal volume definition

A

Normal volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath

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25
Q

What happens to tidal volume during exercise

A

Increases

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26
Q

What is normal volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath

A

Tidal volume

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27
Q

Expiratory reserve volume definition

A

Volume of air that can be forced out after tidal volume

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28
Q

What happens to expiratory reserve volume during exercise

A

Decreases

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29
Q

Volume of air that can be forced out after tidal volume

A

Expiratory reserve volume

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30
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume definition

A

Volume of air that can be forced in after tidal volume

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31
Q

Volume of air that can be forced in after tidal volume

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

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32
Q

What happens to inspiratory reserve volume during exercise

A

Decreases

33
Q

Residual volume definition

A

Volume of air that remains in lungs after maximal expiration

34
Q

Volume of air that remains in lungs after maximal expiration

A

Residual volume

35
Q

What happens to residual volume during exercise

A

Nothing

36
Q

Vital capacity definition

A

Largest volume of air that can be forcibly expired after deepest possible inspiration

37
Q

Largest volume of air that can be forcibly expired after deepest possible inspiration

A

Vital capacity

38
Q

How to measure air capacity of human lungs

A

Spirometer

39
Q

What does a spirometer do

A

Measures air capacity of human lungs

40
Q

What is a spirometer trace

A

Way of recording and measuring the volumes

41
Q

Way of recording and measuring the volumes

A

Spirometer trace

42
Q

What is deoxygenated blood

A

Blood containing low concentration of oxygen

43
Q

What is oxygenated blood

A

Blood containing high concentration of oxygen

44
Q

Average heart rate of adult

A

72 bpm

45
Q

What is a heartbeat

A

One contraction and one relaxation of the heart

46
Q

Heart rate definition

A

Number of times heart beats in one minute

47
Q

What happens to heart rate during exercise

A

Increase

48
Q

Pulse definition

A

Rhythmic throbbing as arteries pump blood around body

49
Q

Rhythmic throbbing as arteries pump blood around body

A

Pulse

50
Q

Backflow definition

A

Flowing backwards of blood, which valves in the veins prevent

51
Q

Flowing backwards of blood, which valves in the veins prevent

A

Backflow

52
Q

Diastole definition

A

Phase of heartbeat when heart relaxes and chambers fill with blood

53
Q

Phase of heartbeat when heart relaxes and chambers fill with blood

A

Diastole

54
Q

Systole definition

A

Phase of heartbeat when heart contracts and is emptied of blood

55
Q

Phase of heartbeat when heart contracts and is emptied of blood

A

Systole

56
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

One cycle of diastole and systole

57
Q

One cycle of diastole and systole

A

Cardiac cycle

58
Q

Blood pressure

A

Pressure that blood is under

59
Q

Systolic reading

A

Pressure of blood when heart contracts

60
Q

Pressure of blood when heart contracts

A

Systolic reading

61
Q

Diastolic reading

A

Pressure of blood when heart relaxes

62
Q

Pressure of blood when heart relaxes

A

Diastolic reading

63
Q

Pathway of blood (12)

A
  • vena cava
  • right atrium
  • valve
  • right ventricle
  • pulmonary artery
  • lungs
  • pulmonary vein
  • left atrium
  • valve
  • left ventricle
  • aorta
  • body
64
Q

Where is blood directed towards during rest

A

Organs

65
Q

Where is blood directed towards during exercise

A

Voluntary muscles

66
Q

Is aerobic or anaerobic more efficient

A

Aerobically

67
Q

Vasoconstriction definition

A

Narrowing of blood vessel to restrict volume of blood passing through

68
Q

Narrowing of blood vessel to restrict volume of blood passing through

A

Vasoconstriction

69
Q

Vasodilation definition

A

Widening of blood vessel to increase volume of blood travelling through

70
Q

Cardiac output symbol

A

Q

71
Q

Stroke volume symbol

A

SV

72
Q

Cardiac output equation (symbol)

A

Q = SV x HR

73
Q

Heart rate symbol

A

HR

74
Q

Cardiac output equation (words)

A

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

75
Q

Stroke volume definition

A

Volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle of the heart during one contraction

76
Q

Volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle of the heart during one contraction

A

Stroke volume

77
Q

Cardiac output definition

A

Volume of blood ejected from heart in one minute

78
Q

Working out maximum heart rate

A

220 - age

79
Q

What is anticipatory rise

A

Slight increase of hate rate as you anticipate activity

AQA PE (9 decks)

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