Cardio-Respiratory System 1.3 Flashcards
What is two systems is the cardio-respiratory system made from
Circulatory system and respiratory system
Function of cardio-respiratory system
Breathing and supplying oxygen
Respiratory order (6)
- nose/mouth
- trachea
- lungs
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- alveoli
What is the epiglottis
Flap of tissue that covers trachea when eating
Gaseous exchange 1
Oxygen passes through alveoli and in to red blood cells in capillaries
Gaseous exchange 2
In capillaries oxygen combines with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin and carried around body
What is haemoglobin
Protein in blood cells that carries oxygen
What is oxyhaemoglobin
Bright red substance formed by haemoglobin and oxygen
Gaseous exchange 3
At the same time haemoglobin carries Carbon dioxide from body to capillaries
Gaseous exchange (4)
Carbon dioxide in capillaries passes through alveoli and is breathed out.
What makes alveoli have an efficient exchange area (4)
- walls one cell thick
- large surface area
- capillary network
- layer of water lining alveolus
What is surfactant
Mix of lipids and proteins that reduce tension in alveoli
Diffusion pathway definition
Distance travelled during diffusion
Synonym for inhalation
Inspiration
Synonym for inspiration
Inhalation
Synonym for expiration
Exhalation
Synonym for exhalation
Expiration
What happens to diaphragm when we inspire (2)
Flattens and moves downwards
What happens to intercostal muscles when we inspire (4)
Contract, raising ribs up and pushing out the sternum, making chest cavity bigger
What happens when chest cavity is larger (2)
Reduces air pressure inside chest cavity, sucking air in
What happens to diaphragm when we expire
Becomes dome shaped
What happens to intercostal muscles when we expire (4)
Relax, lowering ribs and dropping sternum, making chest cavity smaller
What happens when chest cavity is smaller (2)
Increases air pressure in cavity, pushing air out
Tidal volume definition
Normal volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath
What happens to tidal volume during exercise
Increases
What is normal volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath
Tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume definition
Volume of air that can be forced out after tidal volume
What happens to expiratory reserve volume during exercise
Decreases
Volume of air that can be forced out after tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory reserve volume definition
Volume of air that can be forced in after tidal volume
Volume of air that can be forced in after tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
What happens to inspiratory reserve volume during exercise
Decreases
Residual volume definition
Volume of air that remains in lungs after maximal expiration
Volume of air that remains in lungs after maximal expiration
Residual volume
What happens to residual volume during exercise
Nothing
Vital capacity definition
Largest volume of air that can be forcibly expired after deepest possible inspiration
Largest volume of air that can be forcibly expired after deepest possible inspiration
Vital capacity
How to measure air capacity of human lungs
Spirometer
What does a spirometer do
Measures air capacity of human lungs
What is a spirometer trace
Way of recording and measuring the volumes
Way of recording and measuring the volumes
Spirometer trace
What is deoxygenated blood
Blood containing low concentration of oxygen
What is oxygenated blood
Blood containing high concentration of oxygen
Average heart rate of adult
72 bpm
What is a heartbeat
One contraction and one relaxation of the heart
Heart rate definition
Number of times heart beats in one minute
What happens to heart rate during exercise
Increase
Pulse definition
Rhythmic throbbing as arteries pump blood around body
Rhythmic throbbing as arteries pump blood around body
Pulse
Backflow definition
Flowing backwards of blood, which valves in the veins prevent
Flowing backwards of blood, which valves in the veins prevent
Backflow
Diastole definition
Phase of heartbeat when heart relaxes and chambers fill with blood
Phase of heartbeat when heart relaxes and chambers fill with blood
Diastole
Systole definition
Phase of heartbeat when heart contracts and is emptied of blood
Phase of heartbeat when heart contracts and is emptied of blood
Systole
Cardiac cycle
One cycle of diastole and systole
One cycle of diastole and systole
Cardiac cycle
Blood pressure
Pressure that blood is under
Systolic reading
Pressure of blood when heart contracts
Pressure of blood when heart contracts
Systolic reading
Diastolic reading
Pressure of blood when heart relaxes
Pressure of blood when heart relaxes
Diastolic reading
Pathway of blood (12)
- vena cava
- right atrium
- valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary artery
- lungs
- pulmonary vein
- left atrium
- valve
- left ventricle
- aorta
- body
Where is blood directed towards during rest
Organs
Where is blood directed towards during exercise
Voluntary muscles
Is aerobic or anaerobic more efficient
Aerobically
Vasoconstriction definition
Narrowing of blood vessel to restrict volume of blood passing through
Narrowing of blood vessel to restrict volume of blood passing through
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation definition
Widening of blood vessel to increase volume of blood travelling through
Cardiac output symbol
Q
Stroke volume symbol
SV
Cardiac output equation (symbol)
Q = SV x HR
Heart rate symbol
HR
Cardiac output equation (words)
Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate
Stroke volume definition
Volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle of the heart during one contraction
Volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle of the heart during one contraction
Stroke volume
Cardiac output definition
Volume of blood ejected from heart in one minute
Working out maximum heart rate
220 - age
What is anticipatory rise
Slight increase of hate rate as you anticipate activity
