Cardio Meds

Question 1

Cardura (doxazosin), Minipress (prazosin), Hytrin (terazosin)

Answer 1

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents

Question 2

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Indications and PT implications

Answer 2

Indications: HTN, benign prostatic hyperplasia

PT implications: Orthostatic HTN, monitor during exercise

Question 3

Capoten (cantopril), Vasotec (enalapril), Privinil (lisinopril), Altace (ramipril)

Answer 3

ACE Inhibitor Agents

Question 4

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agent action

Answer 4

Reduce vascular tone => vasodilation by blocking alpha-1-adrenergic receptors

Question 5

ACE Inhibitor Actions

Answer 5

Suppress ACE to decrease BP/afterload

Question 6

ACE Inhibitor Indications and PT Implications

Answer 6

Indications: HTN, CHF

PT Implications: watch for hypotension

Question 7

ACE Inhibitor stand-out side effects

Answer 7

Hyperkalemia, Hyponatremia (think Renin-Ang-Ald system)

Question 8

Sodium Channel blockers: Quindine (generic sodium channel blocker), Xylocaine (lidocaine); Beta Blockers: Tenormin (atenolol); Prolonged Repolarization: Cordarone (amiodarone); Calcium Channel Blockers: Cardizem (diltiazem)

Answer 8

Classes and examples of Antiarrhythmic Agents

Question 9

Action of Sodium Channel Blockers (Class I Anti-arryth)

Answer 9

Control cardiac excitation/conduction

Question 10

Action of Beta Blockers (Class II Anti-arrth)

Answer 10

Inhibit beta-adrenergic receptors to inhibit sympathetic activity (controls HR)

Question 11

Action of Prolonged Repolarization (Class III Anti-arrth)

Answer 11

Inhibit potassium AND sodium channels- the MOST EFFECTIVE antiarrhythmic agent**

Question 12

Action of Calcium Channel Blockers (Class IV Anti-arrth)

Answer 12

Depress depolarization/slow conduction through AV Node

Question 13

Antiarrhythmic Agent PT Implications

Answer 13

Educate pts to adhere to dosing schedule/immediately report any adverse effects to MD

Question 14

ACE Inhibitor Indications

Answer 14

HTN, CHF

Question 15

Heparin, Coumadin (warfarin), Lovenox (enoxaparin)

Answer 15

Anticoagulent Agents- inhibit platelet aggregation

Question 16

Lipitor (atorvastatin), Zocor (simvastatin), Tricor (fenofibrate)

Answer 16

Antihyperlipidemia Agents

Question 17

Action of Antihyperlipidemia Agents

Answer 17

Statins: inhibit enzyme action in cholesterol synthesis, break down LDL, decrease triglyceride levels, and increase HDL

Question 18

Antihyperlipidemia Agent PT Implications

Answer 18

Aerobic exercise maximizes effects of statins

Question 19

Bayer (aspirin), Plavix (clopidogrel), Persantine (dipyridamole)

Answer 19

Antithrombotic Agents- potential liver toxicity with aspirin**

Question 20

Antitrhombotic/Antiplatelet Actions

Answer 20

Inhibit platelet aggregation/thrombus formation

Question 21

Tenormin (atenolol), Lopressor (metoprolol), Inderal (propanolol)

Answer 21

Beta Blockers

Question 22

Beta Blocker Action

Answer 22

Blocks b-andrenergic receptors to decrease heart O2 demand by decreased HR and contractility

Question 23

Beta Blocker inidcations

Answer 23

HTN, Arrhythmias, Angina, heart failure, migranes, essential tremor

Question 24

Beta Blocker stand-out side effects

Answer 24

Depression, weakness, blurred vision

Question 25

Beta Blocker PT Implications

Answer 25

HR/BP response to exercise will be inacurate- use RPE

Question 26

Norvasc (amlodipine), Procardia (nifedipine), Calan (verpamil), Cardizem (diltiazem)

Answer 26

Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 27

Calcium Channel Blocker Actions

Answer 27

Decreases calcium's entry into smooth muscle cells to decrease heart contractility, vasodilate vessels, and dec O2 demand of the heart

Question 28

Calcium Channel Blocker Indications

Answer 28

HTN, CHF, angina pectoris, arrhtymias

Question 29

Thiazide: Diuril (chlorothiazide), Loop: Lasix (furosemide); Potassium sparing: Dyrenium (triamterene)

Answer 29

3 classifications and examples of Diuretics

Question 30

Diuretic Indications

Answer 30

HTN, Edema (from heart failure), pulmonary edema, glaucoma

Question 31

Diuretic stand-out side effects

Answer 31

Electrolyte imbalance, increased LDL

Question 32

Diuretic PT Implications

Answer 32

Be wary of position changes d/t hypotension, look for signs of electorlyte imbalance

Question 33

Nitrostat (nitroglycerin), Isordil ( isosorbide dinitrate), Amyl Nitrate Solution for inhalation

Answer 33

Nitrates

Question 34

Nitrate Action

Answer 34

Decreases ischemia through smooth muscle relaxation/vessel vasodilation

Question 35

Nitrate PT Implications

Answer 35

Sublingual administration is best for an acute angina attack | Minimize risk of orthostatic HTN

Question 36

Lanoxin (digoxin)

Answer 36

Positive Inotropic Agent

Question 37

Positive Inotropic Agents

Answer 37

Increase the force/velocity heart contraction, slow HR, dec AV node conduction velocity, decrease degree of activation of sympathetic NS

Question 38

Positive Inotropic Agent Indications

Answer 38

Heart failure, A-fib

Question 39

Positive Inotropic PT Implications

Answer 39

Monitor HR during activity, teach pt/family to take pulse and report to MD if HR <60 bpm or >100 bpm

Question 40

Kinlytic (urokinase), Activase (alteplase)

Answer 40

Thrombolytic Agents

Question 41

Thrombolytic Agent Action

Answer 41

Disolve clots