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MDT > Cardio MDT > Flashcards

Cardio MDT Flashcards

1
Q
  • SBP>220mmHg or DBP>125mmHg
  • NO signs of end organ damage
  • physical examination is usually normal
A

Hypertensive Urgency

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2
Q

Lab work for HTN urgency

A
  • UA for proteinuria or hematuria

* EKG

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3
Q

Disposition for HTN urgency?

A

MEDADVICE maybe MEDEVAC – Can progress to end organ damage

And Re-initiate meds

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4
Q
  • DBP > 130

* SIGNS of end organ damage:

A

HTN Emergency

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5
Q

Disposition for HTN Emergency?

A

MEDEVAC and IV

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6
Q

Differentials for HTn emergency and urgency?

A
  • Aortic dissection

* Ischemic stroke

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7
Q
  • Angina
  • Left shoulder pain
  • Indigestion
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Pale
  • Diaphoresis
  • New Heart Murmur
  • Rales on pulmonary examination
A

Coronary Artery Disease

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8
Q

Disposition of CAD?

A

Medadvice and possible medevac if signs of end organ damage or MI

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9
Q

Claudication (cramping on exercise)

Diminished peripheral pulses

Signs of peripheral occlusion
* mainly lower body

Poor cholesterol

A

PAD (Peripheral Arterial Disease) / PVD (Peripheral Vascular disease)

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10
Q

Special tests for PVD/PAD?

A
  • Thrombosis check
  • Homan’s sign (DVT)
  • peripheral pulses
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11
Q

Disposition for PAD/PVD?

A

MEDEVAC - can lead to dvt, pulmonary embolism, ischemia

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12
Q

AFib

Sudden onset of extremity pain with loss or reduction of pulses

6 signs of severe arterial ischemia (6Ps): 
Pain, 
Pallor 
Poikilothermia (coolness) Pulselessness
Paresthesia
Paralysis
A

Acute Arterial Occlusion

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13
Q

Differentials for PAD/PVD and AAO?

A
  • Muscle strain
  • DVT
  • AAO
  • PVD/PAD
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14
Q

Concerns with A Fib?

A

Can lead to thrombosis

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15
Q
  • Substernal chest pain
  • Pressure like elephant on the chest
  • Possible radiation
  • Diaphoresis
  • N/V
  • Anxious
  • Weak
  • Dyspnea
A

MI

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16
Q

Treatment for MI?

A

ONAM

O2 - 4L NC or 12L NRB
N - spray
Asprin - 325mg chew
M - 2-4mg IV

17
Q

Sudden Severe Chest Pain radiating to the back (ripping or tearing)

HTN

Lower limb paralysis

PALP:
Diminished or unequal pulses

AUSCULTATION:
Possible Aortic regurg/murmur

A

Dissecting Aortic Annuerysm

18
Q

Treatment for dissecting aortic annuerysm?

A

Lower SBP to 100-120 using nitro

Pain control with morphine

19
Q

LEFT SIDED Sxs:

  • Dyspnea
  • Orthopnea (laying down dyspnea)
  • Non-productive cough
  • Exercise Intolerance
  • Fatigue

RIGHT SIDED Sxs:

  • JVD
  • Pitting edema
  • Abdominal ascites (abd swelling)

AUSCULTATION:

  • Crackles, wheezing, rhonci
  • Enlarged or displaced PMI
  • Murmurs
A

Congestive Heart Failure

20
Q

Hx of viral infection
Hx of bacterial etiologies

Sharp Substernal Chest Px with possible radiation

PAIN RELIEVED BY SITTING UP!!!

FEVER

PERICARDIAL FRICTION RUB

Labs:
Elevated WBC

EKG:
Diffuse ST segment elevation

A

Pericarditis

21
Q

Concerns for pericarditis?

A

CAN TURN INTO PERICARDIAL EFFUSION OR TAMPONADE

22
Q

Viral and bacterial etiologies

Hx:

  • Alcohol, Cocaine
  • Insect/Snake bites
  • Meds: PCN, Ceph, Sulf, Diuretics

Commonly accompanied by pericarditis so similar symptoms

SINUS TACHY OUT OF PROPORTION TO TEMPERATURE

Excessive fatigue/exercise intolerance

Murmurs

A

Myocarditis

23
Q

IV Drug Users

Fever
Cough
Dyspnea
* More sick like presentation

Peripheral lesions:
Nail bed skin signs like petechia or splinter hemorrhages

Janeway Lesions:
erythematous lesions on palms or sole

NEW ONSET MURMUR WITH FEVER

A

Endocarditis

24
Q

Trauma, pericarditis

BECK’S TRIAD:

  • Muffled heart sounds
  • JVD
  • Hypotension unresponsive to fluid challenge
  • Tachycardia
  • Angina
  • Tachypnea
  • Hypotension

EKG:
Sinus Tachy

A

Pericardial Tamponade

25
Q

Disposition for pericardial tamponade?

A

Possible pericardiocentesis is required - MEDEVAC

26
Q

HX:
high speed MVA
blunt force trauma

  • echymosis of chest wall
  • Broken ribs

Tachycardia disproportionate to the degree of trauma

A

Cardiac Contusion

27
Q

Disposition for cardiac tamponade?

A

Monitor consistently, Medadvice to medevac

28
Q

Birth control
IV Drugs
Sedentary lifestyle

RISK FACTORS = VIRCHOW’S TRIAD:
Venous stasis
Hypercoagulable state
injury to vessel wall

Pain, redness, swelling, warmth, tenderness

UNILATERAL SWELLING

Homan’s sign

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis

29
Q

What is virchows triad?

A

Venous stasis
Hypercoagulability
Damage to vessel wall

30
Q

Tx for DVT?

A

Lovenox 1mg/kg SubQ

31
Q

DVT

RISK FACTORS = VIRCHOW’S TRIAD:
Venous stasis
Hypercoagulable state
injury to vessel wall

ANGINA
Tachypnea
Tachycardia

Hypoxemia (WHEEZING OR CRACKLING)
* SOB

A

Pulmonary Embolism

32
Q

Tx for Pulmonary embolism?

A

Lovenox

33
Q
  • poor cardiac output
  • fear
  • dysrhythmias
  • heart structure issues

Orthostatic Hypotension:
Decreased SBP >20 and
Increased HR > 10

  • blurring of vision,
  • dizziness
  • pallor,
  • n/v
  • diaphoresis,
  • seeing stars/spots
A

Cardiac Syncope

34
Q

How to assess othrostatic hypotension?

A

Systolic decreased > 20

Pulse increased >10

MDT (17 decks)

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