Cardio Anatomy Questions Flashcards
What are the three muscular sheets of the intercostal muscles?
Intercostalis externa, internus, and intimus
What is the nerve supply to the intercostal muscles?
Corresponding intercostal nerves (ventral ramus of a thoracic nerve)
What is the blood supply to the anterior upper six intercostal spaces?
Branches of internal thoracic artery
What is the blood supply to spaces 7-9 anteriorly?
Branches of musculo-phrenic artery
- Additional Information: The lower two spaces (10-11) are devoid of anterior intercostal arteries
What is the posterior intercostal blood supply to the upper two spaces?
Superior intercostal arteries
What is the posterior blood supply to spaces 3-11?
Descending thoracic aorta
What ribs is the heart located between?
2-5
What is another name for the visceral layer of serous pericardium?
Epicardium
During a surgery, the surgeon must ligate the arterial end to control hemorrhage. Which sinus would be used in order to do so?
Transverse Sinus
- Additional Information: space separating the arterial and venous ends of the heart
What is the function of the auricles?
Increase atrial volume
What is the name of the structure that encircles the junction of the atria and ventricles?
Coronary sulcus
What type of muscles line the atria?
Pectinate muscles
What ridges the walls of the ventricles?
Trabeculae carneae
- Additional Information: Papillary muscles project into the ventricular cavities
Which vessel leaves the right ventricle?
Pulmonary trunk (Pulmonary arteries)
Which vessel leaves the left ventricle?
Aorta
What is responsible for anchoring the AV Valve cusps to papillary muscles?
Chordae tendineae
Which valves prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract?
Atrioventricular valves (AV Valves) – Include tricuspid on right on mitral on left
Which valves prevent backflow into the ventricles when the ventricles relax?
Semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary)
Blood begins in the right atrium and passed through what valve to enter the right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
The most common cause of infective endocarditis in IV drug users is S. aureus. Which valve is most frequently involved?
Tricuspid valve
From the right ventricle, how does blood flow through the heart to get to the lungs?
Right ventriclepulmonary semilunar valvepulmonary trunkpulmonary arteries Lungs
From the lungs, blood travels through the pulmonary valves into the left atrium. How does blood return to systemic circulation?
Left atriumbicuspid valveleft ventricleaortic semilunar valveaorta systemic circulation
Which circuit, pulmonary or systemic, is shorter?
Pulmonary
Which circuit, pulmonary or systemic, is higher pressure?
Systemic