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Review > cardio > Flashcards

cardio Flashcards

1
Q

what valves are open during S1

A

aortic / pulmonic

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2
Q

what valves are open during S2

A

mitral / tricuspid

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3
Q

what valves are closed during S2

A

aortic /pulmnic

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4
Q

hat valves are closed during S 1

A

mitral / tricuspid

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5
Q

S3 is associated with what

A

increased fluid states
ex: heart failure, pregnancy

sounds like “Ken-tuck-y”

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6
Q

s4 is associated with what

A

stiff ventricular wall ex: MI, left ventricular hypertrophy, chronic HTN

sounds like “ten-ne-ssee”

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7
Q

pt has a moderately loud murmur what grade is this

A

III/VI

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8
Q

patient has a loud murmur with a thrill what grade is this

A

IV/VI

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9
Q

patient has ver loud. murmor that is heard with one corner of stethoscope off chest wall what grade is this

A

V/VI

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10
Q

mitral valve is located where

A

5th ICS, Apex

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11
Q

aortic vavle is located wehre

A

2nd/3rd ICS, base

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12
Q

mnemonic for murmors

A

M- mitral
s- stenosis
A- aortic
R-regurgitation
d- diastolic

M- mitral
R. - regurgitation
A- aoritc
S- stensosis
S- systolic

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13
Q

pt has murmur located at 5th ICS and during diastolic, what is this

A

mitral stenosis

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14
Q

pt has murmur at base of heart during systolic

A

aortic stenosis

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15
Q

pt has murmur during systolic at apex of heart what is this

A

mitral regurgitation

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16
Q

pt has murmur during diastolic at the 2nd ICS what is this

A

aortic regurgitation

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17
Q

what causes dependent edema in right HF

A

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

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18
Q

medication mtg for HF

A

diuretic
ACE/ARB
beta blocker

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19
Q

diagnostic test for HF

A

echo

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20
Q

hospital mtg of severe acute pulmonary edema

A

afterload/preload reduction
nitroprusside
hydrolyze

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21
Q

your patient has a low cardiac index despite measures to manage acute pulmonary edema - what do you order

A

dobutamine , if SBP < 100 dopamine 5-20

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22
Q

normal BP

A

<120 and <80

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23
Q

elevated BP

A

120-129and <80

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24
Q

stage 1 HTN

A

130-139 or 80-89

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25
Q

stage 2 HTN

A

> =140 or >= 90

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26
Q

primary HTN typically has onset when

A

<55 years of age

27
Q

where do you see AV nicking

A

eye - chronic sign of HTN

28
Q

first line drug for HTN with a pt that has DM

A

ACE or ARB

29
Q

first line HTN drug for AA

A

thiazide diuretic then CCB

30
Q

MTG of HTN for non-afriacan american

A

-thiazide
- ACE
-ARB
-CCB

31
Q

what other benefit does thiazide diuretic offer other than HTN management

A

ma protect against osteoporosis baby reducing amount of calcium expelled in urine

32
Q

dx of HTN emergency and MTG

A

> =180/120 OR <180/120 plus organ damage
- immediate BP reduction within one hour
ICU admin and IV cardene/nipride - reduce no more than 25% during first hour

33
Q

pt of 180/110 with no s/s

A

HTN urgency
oral therapy

34
Q

prinzmetal angina

A

vasospastic
occurs at various times , including rest
ST elevation
TX CCB

35
Q

EKG changes with angina

A

down sloping of ST segment/ST depression( ischemia)

36
Q

Lipid Panel

A

Total < 200
VLDL/Triglcyerides < 150
LDL optimal < 100
HDL low <40; high >60

37
Q

Lipid goals for pt with DM or CAD

A

LDL < 70
HDL > 40
TG <150

38
Q

ST elevation in lead I and aVL indicates

A

Lateral MI

39
Q

causes of sudden cardiac death

A
  1. coronary artery disease
  2. cardiomyopathies
40
Q

ST elevation in II, III, aVF

A

inferior MI

41
Q

ST elevation in V3 and V4

A

anterior MI

42
Q

EKG indicates PR ineraval >.20 , what is this

A

first degree AV block

43
Q

PR interval gradually gets longer until a QRS complex id dropped

A

type 1 second degree block (wenckebach/Mobits type I)

44
Q

what is type 2 second degree block

A

Mobitz type II
regular trail rhythm, PR interval is constant but ventricular rhythm is irregular; dropped QRS complex

45
Q

atrial and ventricular rhythm are regular but no relationship between p wave and QRS complex

A

third degree AV block / complete heart block

46
Q

which troponin elevates with MI damage

A

trop I

47
Q

indications for pharmacologic revasculariztion

A

unrelieved chest pain ( >30 minutes and < 6 hours) WITH ST segment elevation

48
Q

contraindication for pharmacologic revascularization

A

prior ICH
ischemic stroke in 2 months
active bleeding
BP >+185/110

49
Q

most definitive test for PVD

A

arteriography

50
Q

MTG of PVD

A

stop smoking
exercise to build colleteral circulation
Cilostazol

51
Q

MTG of CVI (chronic venous insufficiency)

A

bed rest with legs elevated to diminish edema
use heavy duty elastic support stockings
tx of weeping dermatitis (tap water compresses, hydrocolloid dressings)

52
Q

s/s of PVD

A

c/o calf pain
cold/numbness to extremities
shiny/hairless skin
dependent rubor
pallor

53
Q

s/s of CVI

A

aching of lower extremities
edema afer prolonged standing
night cramps of LE
brownish discoloration
stasis leg ulcers
dermatitis
edema of LE

54
Q

dx of CVI

A

r/o edema to hf or other causes (eg may-turner syndrome”

55
Q

pt presents with pericardial chest pain that is increased by deep inspiration and relieved by sitting forward
what do you suspect and how to treat

A

pericarditis

NSAIDs (indomethacin, ketorolac, ibuprofen)
corticosteroids -if NSAIDS fail
monitor for tamponade

56
Q

pt presents with fever, night sweats and has painful red nodules in distal phalanges
what do you suspect and how to treat

A

endocarditis

antibiotics empire if acute including Vanco till culture restyle are AV

57
Q

what physical finding may you see in pericarditis

A

friction rub
ST elevation in all leads
depression of PR segment

58
Q

what patient is most likely to experience tamponade

A

pericarditis

59
Q

s/s of cardiac tamponade

A

hypotension
JVD
muffled/distant heart sounds
pulses paradoxus

60
Q

gerontology changes related to cardiovascular

A

arterial walls thicken and stiffin
heart becomes stiffer and may increase in size
intrinsic and maximum heart rates decrease; resting heart rate and cardiac output are unaffected
baroreceptors are less sennsitive
HTN
diminished pulses and cool extremities
dysrhythmias

61
Q

top killer of adult

A

heart disease (CAD)

62
Q

second top kill of adult

A

cancer

63
Q

number one killer of African American adults

A

heart disease

Review (16 decks)

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