Cardio

Question 1

What are the irregular muscle ridges of the heart?

Answer 1

trabeculae carnae

Question 2

What valves separate the atria from the ventricles?

Answer 2

Left: bicuspid/ mitral
Right: tricuspid

Question 3

Via what valve does blood enter the left PA from the right ventricle?

Answer 3

pulmonary semi-lunar valve

Question 4

Via what valve does blood enter the aorta from the left atrium?

Answer 4

aortic semi-lunar valve

Question 5

What are the layers of the heart wall from outermost to innermost?

Answer 5

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 6

What is the thickest layer of the heart wall? What does this layer do?

Answer 6

myocardium- it contracts

Question 7

What are the borders of the heart?

Answer 7

right: right atrium
inferior: left and right ventricles
left: left ventricle and some of left atrium
superior: left and right atria and great vessels

Question 8

What is the name for the nodules on the aortic valve?

Answer 8

nodules of arantius

Question 9

What are the smallest myocardial vessels called? What do they do?

Answer 9

vessels of thebesius- drain blood from some of myocardium

Question 10

Describe the blood supply to the heart.

Answer 10

RIGHT: right coronary
RCA (right coronary): right atrium + right ventricle
RMA (right marginal): right ventricle + apex

LEFT: left coronary
LAD (left anterior descending): right ventricle, left ventricle, interventricular septum
LMA (left marginal): left ventricle
LCA (left circumflex): left atrium, left ventricle

Question 11

What is the blood supply of the SA node?

Answer 11

60% from right coronary artery

40% from left coronary artery

Question 12

What is the blood supply to the AV node?

Answer 12

70% RCA only
20% RCA+LCA
10% LCA only

Question 13

Where can you hear the aortic valve and when can you hear it?

Answer 13

2nd intercostal space, right sternal border

during S2

Question 14

Where can you hear the tricuspid valve and when can you hear it?

Answer 14

5th intercostal space, left sternal border

during S1

Question 15

Where can you hear the bicuspid/mitral valve and when can you hear it?

Answer 15

5th intercostal space, midclavicular line

during S1

Question 16

Where can you hear the pulmonary valve and when can you hear it?

Answer 16

2nd intercostal space, left sternal border

during S2

Question 17

What are the compartments of the mediastinum?

Answer 17

anterior
superior
posterior
middle

Question 18

What do each of the aortic arches become?

Answer 18

1: maxillary artery
2: stapedial artery
3: common carotid artery + proximal internal carotid artery
4: right= right subclavian, left= aortic arch
5: regresses and forms nothing
6: right: pulmonary trunk, left: left PA and ductus arteriosis

Question 19

What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch

Answer 19

brachiocephalic
left common carotid
left subclavian

Question 20

Where does the aortic arch end?

Answer 20

T4

Question 21

What are the 4 divisions of the aorta?

Answer 21

ascending, arch, descending/ thoracic, abdominal