Cardiac Surgery

Question 1

What does CABG stand for & what condition does it treat

Answer 1

Coronary artery bypass graft

Treats Coronary heart disease

Question 2

Describe CABG surgery (6)

Answer 2

• under general anaesthetic
• incision to median sternum
• heart is stopped and placed in cold solution to stop it beating to allow surgery on it
• blood keeps circulating via heart lung bypass machine
• the blocked artery is bypassed using another artery to link above and below the blockage
• takes 3-6 hours and grafts last 8-15 years

Question 3

Common graft sites for CABG surgery (3)

Answer 3

Saphenous vein in leg
Mammary artery
Radical artery (less common)

Question 4

Physio Role after CABG (2)

Answer 4

• chest clearance

- inc lung volume and dec work of breathing

Question 5

Heart valve disease causes (4)

Answer 5

Rheumatic fever
Congenital disease
MI
ageing

Question 6

Types of heart valve disease (2)

Answer 6

Stenosis- valves don’t open fully

Leaky- valves don’t close fully

Question 7

Types of valve replacement (5)

Answer 7

• Mechanical - made of carbon
• Tissue comes from animal
• Donor - least common, human
• ROSS - replace aortic valve w pulmonary valve and replace pulmonary valve with mechanical
• TAVI- push old valve out of the way

Question 8

Heart valve surgery - describe (3)

Answer 8

• general anaesthetic
• Median sternotomy incision
• 2-4 hours

Question 9

Transplant facts (3)

Answer 9

Has to be from a beating donor
Must have severe illness- CHD, Congenital disease etc
Complications- rejection, narrowing of coronary arteries

Question 10

Complications of CABG (4)

Answer 10

MI during operation
Low cardiac output
Atrial fibrilation
Left lower lobe lung collapse