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Patho > Cardiac Disease > Flashcards

Cardiac Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Define Cardiovascular disease

A

General term for conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, associated with damage to arteries of the brain, kidneys and eyes

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2
Q

Types of cardiovascular disease (4)

A

Coronary heart disease (CHD),
CVA and TIA
Aortic disease
Peripheral Vascular Disease

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3
Q

Define Coronary Heart Disease

A

A narrowing or blockage of the arteries supplying the heart
includes conditions:
Angina, MI, Heart failure

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4
Q

Coronary heart disease risk factors (6)

A 
Age (older)
Male
Hypertension
High cholesterol & diabetes 
South Asian background 
Social depravation
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5
Q

Coronary heart disease symptoms (6)

A 
Pain & Tightness of chest 
SOB
Dizziness 
Sweating
Swollen legs & feet 
Palpitations
Fatigue & weakness
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6
Q

Define Angina

A

Chest pain due to lack of oxygen to the heart

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7
Q

Types of angina (4)

A

Stable- occurs at times of stress, exercise etc
Unstable- occurs when heart is not under stress
Variant- occurs when heart muscle spasms
Microvascular- affects small blood vessels of heart

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8
Q

Treatment for Angina(3)

A

Medications- nitrates to dilate all blood vessels
Lifestyle changes
Surgery

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9
Q

Define Myocardial infarction

A

Blood supply to heart is severely reduced, leading to ischaemia of heart muscle and scarring formation

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10
Q

How is a Myocardial Infarction diagnosed (2)

A

Blood test looking for cardiac enzymes- troponin, creatine kinase
ECG- ST elevation, inverted T wave, large Q wave

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11
Q

Symptoms of MI (5)

A 
Sweaty and clammy
Uneven and rapid heartbeat 
Pain/ tingling in chest and upper body
Pressure on chest 
Nausea
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12
Q

MI treatment (3)

A

Vasodilators & beta blockers
PCTA surgery- stent arteries
Cardiac rehab

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13
Q

Define heart failure

A

Heart is unable to pump blood around body, usually due to stiffness or weakness

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14
Q

Causes of heart failure (3)

A

MI
hypertension
Excess alcohol consumption
There’s probs more on PowerPoint

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15
Q

Symptoms of Heart failure (3)

A

SOB
Swollen feet
Weakness

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16
Q

Treatments of Heart Failure (2)

A

Diuretics

Pacemakers or ICD

17
Q

Heart valve disease
Cause (3)
Types (2)

A

Can affect any of hearts valves
Cause: rheumatic fever, MI, congenital disease
Types: leaky valves- doesn’t close properly so backflow
Valve doesn’t open fully and obstructs flow

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