Cardiac/Respiratory

Question 1

Which type of asbestos is associated with greater risk for developing mesothelioma in humans?

Answer 1

amphibole

fibers are thin and rod-like

Question 2

To what depth does local penetration of intracavitary chemotherapy occur?

Answer 2

2-3mm

Question 3

What is the most common primary/metastatic cardiac tumor in cats?

Answer 3

Lymphoma

Question 4

What serum biomarker is useful for diagnosing cardiac HSA in dogs?

Answer 4

cardiac troponin I

cTnI >2.45 indicated cardiac involvement likely in dogs with HSA

Question 5

What is the MST for dogs with R atrial HSA treated with surgery alone? What about tumor resection + chemo?

Answer 5

46 days - 5 months

Sx + chemo = 164d (5.5 months)

Question 6

What is the response rate of presumed cardiac HSA to DOX? (Mullin 2014)

Answer 6

CR + PR: 41%
SD: 68%
PFS 66d, MST 116d

(other reports - 50% shrink, 25% SD)

Question 7

What is the MST for dogs with an aortic body tumor that undergo pericardiectomy?

Answer 7

730d (24 months)

No pericardiectomy 42d

Question 8

What % of cats are disease free at 1 year after nosectomy for nasal planum SCC?

Answer 8

> 80%

Question 9

What are the most common primary lung tumors in dogs? Cats?

Answer 9

Dogs: 85% bronchoalveolar
Cats: 60-70% adenocarcinoma

Question 10

What is the metastatic rate of canine primary lung SCC?

Answer 10

50%

anaplastic carcinoma = 90%

Question 11

What % of cats with primary lung tumors develop metastasis?

Answer 11

76%

Question 12

T/F: Thyroid transcription factor 1 can differentiate a primary lung tumor from a metastatic carcinoma.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the reported complication rate for CT-guided biopsy of primary lung tumors?

Answer 13

43%

Question 14

What is the RR of canine primary lung tumors to vinorelbine?

Answer 14

28.5%

Question 15

Name 5 prognostic factors for primary lung tumors in dogs.

Answer 15

1. size >100 cm3 (5cm diameter)
2. LN involvement, other metastasis
3. C/S at diagnosis
4. Histologic type and grade
5. peripheral vs. central

Question 16

What is the most consistently reported prognostic factor for primary lung tumors in cats?

Answer 16

histologic grade

23 months well-differentiated, 2.5 months poorly differentiated

Question 17

Name 2 predictive factors for response to radiation therapy in feline nasal lymphomas.

Answer 17

High Ki67 (>40%) -- more cats respond and live longer
High apoptotic index -- more cats respond, but don't have longer MST

Question 18

What complications occurred after SBRT (30 Gy) for heart-base tumors? (Magestro 2018)

Answer 18

arrhythmias, sudden death
(tumor volume decreased by 30-76% in those re-evaluated but authors conclude that SBRT in this fashion may not be ideal for asymptomatic, slowly growing tumors)

Question 19

What was the survival time with DOX-based treatment for R atrial masses with pericardial effusion? (Ghaffari JSAP 2014)

Answer 19

139.5 days

don’t think they had histopath, dogs excluded if protocol didn’t include DOX or if they had any form of surgery

Question 20

T/F: RT may improve incidence of cardiac tamponade for R atrial masses.

Answer 20

T (Nolan 2017)

Question 21

T/F: Cardiac troponin I is significantly increased after DOX and is correlated with development of cardiomyopathy.

Answer 21

False - cTnI did increase after DOX but was not correlated with cardiomyopathy.

Question 22

T/F: CXR are highly Sp but not Sn for detecting heart base masses.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

In a study evaluating primary and secondary heart tumors in dogs and cats, what % of dogs had cardiac metastases? (Aupperle 2007)

Answer 23

36%

Question 24

What was the MST for dogs with cardiac LSA and pericardial effusion treated with chemo? (MacGregor 2005)

Answer 24

157d (5.2 months)

Question 25

A plasma concentration of > ____ ng/mL can be used to detect cardiac HSA. (Chun 2010)

Answer 25

0.25

Question 26

What are two negative prognostic factors prior to surgery in cats with pulmonary neoplasia? (Nunley 2015)

Answer 26

LN enlargement, pleural effusion | MST w/LN - 65d vs. w/out 498d

Question 27

In another study from 2014, what were the 4 negative prognostic factors for cats with lung tumors? (Maritato 2014)

Answer 27

1. presence of clinical signs 2. pleural effusion 3. moderately/poorly differentiated tumors (tumor grade) 4. metastasis (any stage beyond T1N0M0)

Question 28

What breed was over-represented in one study of feline pulmonary carcinoma? (D'Costa 2012)

Answer 28

Persians

Question 29

What 3 radiographic lung tumor findings were most consistent with histiocytic sarcoma? (Barrett 2014)

Answer 29

Large mass in the periphery, affecting the whole lobe of right middle or left cranial lung lobes, internal air bronchogram

Question 30

What was the significance of EGFR expression in canine primary lung tumors? (Sabattini 2013)

Answer 30

increased expression may be associated with poor prognosis and was correlated with anthracosis (inflammation secondary to air pollution)

Question 31

What was the perioperative mortality for dogs and cats with thymic epithelial tumors? Survival? (Garneau 2015)

Answer 31

Mortality: 20% dogs, 22% cats Survival: 1.7 yrs dogs, 3.7 yrs cats

Question 32

What % of dogs with thymomas had hypercalcemia? myasthenia graves? What % had tumor recurrence? (Robat 2013)

Answer 32

hyperCa 34% myasthenia 17% tumor recurrence 17%

Question 33

What % of dogs with thymoma have concurrent MG?

Answer 33

40%

Question 34

How can flow cytometry help differentiate thymoma from LSA?

Answer 34

In thymoma, all cases had 10% lymphocytes co-expressing CD4 and CD8

Question 35

What is the mean ST for dogs with R atrial HSA treated with surgery alone?

Answer 35

46d to 5 months

Question 36

What is the MST for dogs with an aortic body tumor that undergo pericardiectomy?

Answer 36

730d (24 months) | 42d without pericardiectomy