cardiac pe

Question 1

lub-click-dub

Answer 1

clicks transient abnormal sounds. degenerative valve disease

Question 2

splits
- S2 causes

Answer 2

av or semilunar valve closure asynchronous
S2 splits = atrial septal defect, NOT heard on respiration

Question 3

gallops

Answer 3

diastolic sounds; in dogs/cats, s3/s4 indicate cardiovascular disease

Question 4

what causes turbulent blood flow in murmurs

Answer 4

increased velocities**
decreased viscosity (anemia pts)
increased diameter

Question 5

what is aortic or pulmonic stenosis

Answer 5

valve doesn’t open fully -> turbulence = murmur auscultated

Question 6

what are all continuous murmurs until proven otherwise?

Answer 6

PDAs

Question 7

ejection vs regurgitant murmur characters

Answer 7

Ejection: diamond/harsh; changes intensity -> flow murmur in horses, aortic/pulmonic stenosis

Regurgitant: plateau/softer; does not chang intensity -> mitral or tricupsid regurg

Question 8

where is PMI in cats

Answer 8

left or right parasternal; base. their hearts are positioned more sternal than dogs

Question 9

where is innocent mumur PMI heard in dogs and horses versus in cats

Answer 9

dogs and horses: left base

cats: parasternal