Cardiac Pathophysiology (3.3) Flashcards
Compared to open aortic procedures, benefits of EVAR include a reduction in: (Select 2.)
a. exposure to ionizing radiation
b. mortality
c. operative time
d. cross-clamp time
b. mortality
c. operative time
Which surgical procedure is most likely to activate the baroreceptor reflex?
a. endovascular aneurysm repair
b. carotid artery angioplasty stenting
c. percutaneous coronary stent insertion
d. left ventricular assist device placement
b. carotid artery angioplasty stenting
A 66-year old presents for colonoscopy with propofol sedation. The patient says he has chronic heart failure and experiences dyspnea and palpitations when walking on a treadmill. He denies a history of myocardial infarction. Anesthetic considerations include:
a. assigning a class 2 NYHA classification
b. estimating a 6% risk of perioperative myocardial infarction
c. recommending coronary revascularization before undergoing endoscopy
d. obtaining a cardiology consult before the procedure
a. assigning a class 2 NYHA classification
What is the minimum amount of time elective surgery should be delayed in a patient who previously had a coronary artery bypass surgery?
6
Match each disease with its unique clinical sign.
1. pheochromocytoma
2. cushing’s syndrome
3. coarctation of the aorta
a. hypokalemia
b. sympathetic stimulation
c. weak femoral pulse
1B
2A
3C
A patient with a history of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is scheduled for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The primary anesthetic consideration includes:
a. preventing tachycardia
b. administering a positive chronotrope
c. targeting a MAP of 60 mmHg
d. fluid restriction
a. preventing tachycardia
A patient underwent cardiac bypass surgery 3 days ago, and today she presents with hypotension, tachycardia, and distended neck veins. She is scheduled for pericardiocentesis. What are the primary anesthetic considerations for this patient? (Select 2.)
a. local anesthesia is preferred over general anesthesia
b. propofol is the safest induction agent
c. maintain spontaneous ventilation
d. spinal anesthesia promotes hemodynamic stability
a. local anesthesia is preferred over general anesthesia
c. maintain spontaneous ventilation
Match each drug with its drug class.
1. Terazosin
2. Captopril
3. Valsartan
4. Clevidipine
a. alpha-1 blocker
b. calcium channel blocker
c. angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist
d. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
1A
2D
3C
4B
A 70-kg patient with a history of type-1 hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin is scheduled for cystoscopy. She had a CABG procedure 1 year ago, and the surgeon is concerned about the risk of infective endocarditis. What recommendation should be provided to the surgeon?
a. Ampicillin 2 g
b. Cefazolin 1 g
c. No antibiotic is indicated
d. Clindamycin 600 mg
c. no antibiotic is indicated
Long-term complications related to placement of a left ventricular assist device include: (Select 2.)
a. GI bleeding
b. sepsis
c. aortic regurgitation
d. esophageal varices
a. GI bleeding
b. sepsis
