Cardiac A & P (3.1) Flashcards
Which clinical example increases ventricular wall tension?
a. pericardial tamponade
b. atrial fibrillation
c. sympathectomy
d. trendelenburg
d. trendelenburg
What effects does increased preload have on coronary oxygen supply and demand? (Select 2.)
a. decreased demand
b. increased demand
c. decreased supply
d. increased supply
b. increased demand
c. decreased supply
The lateral side of a TEE image is hypokinetic due to an oxygen supply-demand mismatch. What EKG leads will reflect this change? (Select 3.)
a. V3
b. I
c. II
d. V1
e. V6
f. aVL
b. 1
e. V6
f. aVL
What changes will be seen on the pressure-volume loop when phenylephrine is given? (Select 2.)
a. ESV shifts to the right
b. Loop width is reduced
c. EDV shifts to the right
d. Loop height is reduced
a. ESV shifts to the right
b. Loop width is reduced
A patient in the ICU has the following parameters: MAP 93 mmHg, CVP 15 mmHg, HR 105 bpm, PAP 22/7 mmHg, and cardiac output 4 L/min. Calculate the systemic vascular resistance.
1560 dynes/sec/cm-5
The blood pressure measured by a non-invasive BP cuff reads 160/110 mmHg. Calculate the mean arterial blood pressure.
127 mmHg
Coronary blood flow is inversely related to: (Select 2.)
a. coronary vascular resistance
b. stroke volume
c. aortic diastolic blood pressure
d. left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
a. coronary vascular resistance
d. left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
A heart with an ejection fraction of 27% is considered:
a. moderately dysfunctional
b. severely dysfunctional
c. mildly dysfunctional
d. normal
a. moderately dysfunctional
What occurs during isovolumetric ventricular contraction? (Select 2.)
a. pulmonic valve opening
b. mitral valve closure
c. tricuspid valve closure
d. aortic valve opening
b. mitral valve closure
c. tricuspid valve closure
Use the dataset to calculate oxygen delivery:
-Hemoglobin= 8 g/dL
-SaO2= 78%
-PaO2= 49 mmHg
-Constant= 1.34
-Cardiac output= 9 L/min
766 mL O2/min
The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium when:
a. repolarization occurs
b. calcium stimulates the ryanodine receptor
c. troponin binds to the actin/myosin complex
d. the SERCA2 pump is turned on
b. calcium stimulates the ryanodine receptor
Calculate the arteriovenous oxygen difference.
-Hgb= 14 gm/dL
-SpO2= 98%
-SvO2= 75%
4
Bradycardia is caused by:
a. making the threshold potential more negative
b. increasing potassium conductance
c. increasing the slope of phase 4 depolarization
d. making the resting membrane potential more positive
b. increasing potassium conductance
What part of the cardiac muscle action potential is where potassium conductance is the greatest?
phase 3, steep downslope on right side
Contractility is dependent on:
a. preload
b. afterload
c. both preload and afterload
d. neither preload nor afterload
d. neither preload nor afterload
Choose the statements that most accurately describe the coronary circulation. (Select 3.)
a. The left circumflex artery supplies the left bundle branch
b. The SA nodal artery most commonly arises from the right coronary artery.
c. Leads II, III, and aVF monitor the RCA
d. Left coronary artery dominance occurs in 80% of the population
e. The right coronary artery perfuses the apex of the heart.
f. The LAD artery perfuses the anterior 2/3 of the septum.
b. The SA nodal artery most commonly arises from the right coronary artery.
c. Leads II, III, and aVF monitor the RCA
e. The right coronary artery perfuses the apex of the heart.
f. The LAD artery perfuses the anterior 2/3 of the septum.
Which statement most accurately describes resting membrane potential in the cardiac myocyte?
a. when RMP is closer to TP, the cell is more resistant to depolarization
b. hypercalcemia decreases RMP
c. cardiac myocytes only generate a TP
d. hyperkalemia increases RMP
d. hyperkalemia increases RMP
What area of the pressure-volume loop illustrates where the aortic valve opens?
upper right corner
Which part of the pressure-volume loop illustrates where diastole is?
left vertical line, bottom horizontal line
How much does atrial contraction contribute to cardiac output?
20-30%
What region of the ECG represents the relative refractory period?
Last half of the T wave
Transection of the right vagus nerve would most likely affect:
a. AV node conductoin delay
b. SA node automaticity
c. the conduction velocity between the SA and AV node
d. the bundle of Kent
SA node automaticity
Which phases of the cardiac cycle are associated with an open mitral valve and a closed aortic valve? (Select 3.)
a. isovolumic ventricular contraction
b. diastasis
c. atrial systole
d. isovolumic ventricular relaxation
e. ventricular ejection
f. rapid ventricular filling
b. diastasis
c. atrial systole
f. rapid ventricular filling
What is the most potent local vasodilator substance released by cardiac myocytes?
a. nitric oxide
b. prostacyclin
c. adenosine
d. carbon dioxide
c. adenosine
