Cardiac Drugs

Question 1

Adenosine (brand name)

Answer 1

Adenocard

Question 2

Adenosine (Class)

Answer 2

antidysrhythmic

Question 3

Adenosine (Action)

Answer 3

slows conduction through AV node

Question 4

Adenosine (Indication)

Answer 4

conversion of narrow-complex regular tachycardia

Question 5

Adenosine (Contraindications)

Answer 5

second- or third-degree AV block; sick sinus syndrome; asthma; COPD; drug-induced tachydardia

Question 6

Adenosine (Routes)

Answer 6

IV; IO

Question 7

Adenosine (Side Effects)

Answer 7

headache; dizziness; dyspnea; bronchospasn; CP; N/V

Question 8

Adenosine (Interactions)

Answer 8

methylxanthine antagonizes effects; dipyridamole potentiates effects

Question 9

Adenosine (Dose)

Answer 9

6 mg rapid IV bolus over 1-3 seconds followed by 20 mL NS; if no change after 1-2 minutes administer 12 mg

Question 10

Adenosine (Special Considerations)

Answer 10

pregnancy class C; short life usually limits adverse effects; brief period of asystole may occur

Question 11

Atenolol (Brand Name)

Answer 11

Tenormin

Question 12

Atenolol (Class)

Answer 12

beta-blocker (selective beta-1)

Question 13

Atenolol (Action)

Answer 13

decreases heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand; inhibits dilation of bronchial smooth muscle

Question 14

Atenolol (Indications)

Answer 14

tachycardia; HTN; stable narrow-QRS tachycardia

Question 15

Atenolol (Contraindications)

Answer 15

heart failure; hypotension; shock; bradycardia; second- or third-degree block

Question 16

Atenolol (Route)

Answer 16

IV; IO

Question 17

Atenolol (Side Effects)

Answer 17

dizziness; bronchospasm; bradycardia; AV conduction delays; hypotension; MI; heart failure

Question 18

Atenolol (Interactions)

Answer 18

potentiates antihypertensive medications; sypmathomimetic medications are antagonized; signs of hypoglycemia may be masked

Question 19

Atenolol (Dose)

Answer 19

5 mg over 5 minutes; if no effect after 10 min 5 mg over 5 min

Question 20

Atenolol (Special Considerations)

Answer 20

pregnancy class D; severe hypotension when given with calcium-channel blockers; use with caution in patients with lung conditions

Question 21

Atropine (Class)

Answer 21

anticholinergic agent

Question 22

Atropine (Action)

Answer 22

inhibits action of ACh at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites (increases HR)

Question 23

Atropine (Indication)

Answer 23

hemodynamically-unstable bradycardia; organophosphate poisoning; nerve agent exposure; beta-blocker or calcium-channel blocker OD

Question 24

Atropine (Contraindication)

Answer 24

tachycardia; unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage with MI; narrow-angle glaucoma; hypothermic bradycardia

Question 25

Atropine (Routes)

Answer 25

IV; IO

Question 26

Atropine (Side Effects)

Answer 26

drowsiness; confusion; headache; palpitations; dysrhythmias; blurred vision; paradoxical bradycardia

Question 27

Atropine (Interactions)

Answer 27

adverse effects when given with digitalis and cholinergics; effects enhanced with antihistamines, benzodiazepines; and MAOIs

Question 28

Atropine (Dose)

Answer 28

0.5 mg q 3-5 min (max 3 mg total)

Question 29

Atropine (Special Considerations)

Answer 29

pregnancy class C; may cause pulmonary dilation; paradoxical bradycardia with dose lower than 0.1 mg

Question 30

Digoxin (Brand Name)

Answer 30

Lanoxin

Question 31

Digoxin (Class)

Answer 31

antidysrhythmic

Question 32

Digoxin (Action)

Answer 32

rapid-acting cardiac glycoside; increases force of myocardial contraction

Question 33

Digoxin (Indication)

Answer 33

heart failure; reentry SVT; AF

Question 34

Digoxin (Contraindication)

Answer 34

VF; VT; digitalis toxicity

Question 35

Digoxin (Routes)

Answer 35

IV; IO

Question 36

Digoxin (Side Effects)

Answer 36

fatigue; headache; blurred yellow/green vision; seizures; confusion; bradycardia

Question 37

Digoxin (Interactions)

Answer 37

concurrent use of digoxin and verapamil may lead to severe AV block

Question 38

Digoxin (Dose)

Answer 38

4 - 6 mcg/kg over 5 min (loading dose); 2nd and 3rd boluses of 2 - 3 mcg/kg at 4 and 8 hours

Question 39

Digoxin (Special Considerations)

Answer 39

pregnancy class C; can prolong PR interval and cause ST changes