Cardiac Disease And Disorders

Question 1

Myocardial infarction

Answer 1

Heart attack
Ischemia - lack of blood to area of heart cause tissue death

Tx- bypass graft around blockage or angioplasty with stent to keep coronary arteries open

Question 2

Coronary artery disease

Answer 2

Multiple areas with start of vessel disease by narrowing or strictures

Tx- stop smoking, increase exercise, low-fat or high-fiber diet

Question 3

Angina

Answer 3

Ischemia during stress or exercise
Unstable angina during rest

Tx- nitroglycerin. Stop activity. Stop smoking

Question 4

Arrhythmia

Answer 4

Irregular heartbeat

Tx- medication, surgery,pacemaker, cardioversion

Question 5

Hypercholesterolemia

Answer 5

Total cholesterol greater than 200 mg

Tx- diet and medication

Question 6

Hypertension

Answer 6

Blood pressure elevated greater than 140/90

Tx- diet, exercise, stress reduction, medication, weight loss

Question 7

Peripheral vascular disease

Answer 7

Narrow or occluded of vessel in leg/feet

Tx- bypass graft, medication

Question 8

Thrombus

Answer 8

Blood clot

Tx- prevent clot from moving until dissolved

Question 9

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 9

Blood clot and inflammation of vein

Tx- heparin, antibiotic, blood thinner, exercise, avoid immobility or constriction of veins

Question 10

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 10

Calcium and fibrous deposit inside vessels

Tx- aspirin, blood thinner or surgery

Question 11

Atherosclerosis

Answer 11

Fatty deposit inside vessels

Tx- low-fat, high-fiber diet and increase exercise

Question 12

Murmurs

Answer 12

Valvular disorder

Tx- valve replacement in serious cases

Question 13

Congestive heart failure

Answer 13

Weak ventricle. Allow blood backup
Left side: shortness of breath, frothy sputum, coughing
Right side: edema and cyanosis

Tx- medication: lasix or lanoxin

Question 14

Aneurysm

Answer 14

Bulging weak spot in vessel

Tx- graft inserted into area and sutured above and below weak point