Cardiac Cycle and Valvular Heart Diseasae

Question 1

S1 produced by

Answer 1

Closure of the Mitral and Tricuspid valves

Question 2

S2 produced by

Answer 2

Closure of aortic and pulmonic valves

Question 3

What causes Paradoxical splitting of S2?

Answer 3

Left bundle branch block

Advanced aortic stenosis

Question 4

What causes fixed splitting of S2

Answer 4

Atrial spetal defect

L-R shunt

Question 5

What causes widening of the splitting of S2

Answer 5

Pulmonic stenosis

Right bundle branch block

Question 6

S3 occurs just after

Answer 6

The opening of the AV valves during rapid filling of the ventricle

Question 7

S4 coincides with

Answer 7

Atrial contraction

Question 8

S4 sound means

Answer 8

There is a stiff ventricl seen in concentric hypertrophy, aortic stenosis and MI

Question 9

A wave on Venous pulse is

Answer 9

1. Produced by contrction of RA
2. Correlates with PR intervil
3. Upstroke

Question 10

When is A wave in venous pulse absent

Answer 10

Atrial fibrillation

Question 11

What causes a prominent A wave in Venous pulse

Answer 11

Stiff ventricle

Pulmonic stenosis

Insufficiency

Question 12

C wave on Venous pulse is

Answer 12

1. Due to buldging of tricuspid valve into the atrium
2. Occurs near the beginning of ventricular contraciton
3. Second upstroke

Question 13

X descent in Venous pulse is

Answer 13

Produced by a decreasing atrial pressure during atrial relaxation

Question 14

V wave in Venous pulse is

Answer 14

1. Produced by filling of the atrium during ventricular systole
2. Corresponds to T wave

Question 15

Prominent V wave in Venous pulse seen in

Answer 15

Tricuspid insufficiency and right HF

Question 16

Y descent of Venous pulse is

Answer 16

Produced by the rapid emptying of the RA immediatly after the opening of the tricuspid valve

Question 17

Question 18

HF shifts loop to the

Answer 18

Right

Question 19

Increased contractility shifts loof to the

Answer 19

Left

Question 20

What does teh Aortic Stenosis murmur sound like

Answer 20

Crescendo-decrescendo after S1 (midsystolic)

Question 21

Aortic stenosis affect

Answer 21

Increase LV volume and pressure