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Anatomy And Physiology > Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Define blood pressure

A

The force of blood against arteries

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2
Q

What is the cardiac cycle

A

The event of one heart beat

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3
Q

What is the resting HR of an untrained performer

A

70bpm

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4
Q

What is the Resting HR of a trained performer

A

40bpm

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5
Q

What is heart rate

A

The number of ventricular contractions per minute

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6
Q

What is stroke volume

A

The volume of blood pumped from heart in each beat

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7
Q

What is the SV of an untrained performer

A

70ml

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8
Q

What is the resting SV of a trained performer

A

100ml

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9
Q

What is cardiac output

A

SV X HR

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10
Q

What is the cardiac output of untrained and trained performers

A

5l/m

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11
Q

When does SV reach maximal levels

A

Iight - moderate intensity

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12
Q

What is diastole

A

The period of time where the heart relaxes and fills with blood

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13
Q

What is Venus return

A

How blood is returned to the heart

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14
Q

What is systole

A

Blood being ejected from the atrium

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15
Q

Why might stroke volume decrease as intensity increases to maximal intensity

A

As there is not enough time for diastole

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16
Q

What is the range for SV during submaximal intensity

A

120-200

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17
Q

What is the role of the Sino Atrial Node

A

To create its own cardiac impulse
Send cardiac impulses around walls of atria

18
Q

What is atrial stystole

A

The cardiac muscles recieving an impulses and contracting

19
Q

What is ventricular diastole

A

The ventricles filling with blood and relaxing

20
Q

What is the role of the AV node

A

To delay the impulse so diastole can occur

21
Q

What is ventricular systole

A

Ventricles contract and blood is ejected from the heart

22
Q

What is the cardiac control centre

A

The part of the brain that regulates cardiac output

23
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do

A

Increases heart rate via accelerator nerve

24
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do

A

Decreases HR via vagus nerve

25
Q

What is the role of chemo receptors

A

Detect change in blood pH

26
Q

What is the role of baroreceptors

A

Detect change in blood pressure

27
Q

What is the role of propio receptors

A

Detect change in muscle tension

28
Q

What is the effect of adrenaline

A

Increases HR by stimulating SA node

29
Q

Describe instrinsic change

A

How the heart detects its own changes such as temperature and contractivity

30
Q

What is the ANS

A

Autonomic nerve system

31
Q

Explain how neural control of the heart helps maintain the supply of oxygen during excercise

A

– Neural control is managed by ANS which uses SNS to increase or decrease HR
– Chemo receptors detect change in blood pH
–information is sent to CCC
– CCC sends nerve impulses via accelerator nerve
– HR increases due to stimulated SA node
– Cardiac output increases

32
Q

Explain how hormonal regulate of the heart during exercise

A

Hormonal control is controlled by ANS
Adrenal is secreted by adrenal glands
Stimulating the SA node
Resulting in an increase of HR
And increase of muscular contraction increasing SV
So cardiac output increases

33
Q

Explain the intrinsic mechanism that controls cardiac output

A

Increase rate of Venus return, increasing SV
More blood in heart causes atrial walls to stretch stimulating SA node which increases HR
End diastole volume increased stretching walls of LV so ventricles contract with more force causing SV to increase
Cardiac output increases
Resulting in more oxygenated blood

34
Q

What is the vascular shunt mechanism

A

The redistribution of blood to working muscles

35
Q

At rest how much blood goes to organs

A

80-85%

36
Q

At rest how much blood goes muscles

A

10-15%

37
Q

During excercise how much blood goes to organs

A

10-15%

38
Q

During excercise how much blood goes to muscles

A

80-85%

39
Q

What is the conduction system

A

How electrical impulses work in the heart

40
Q

Explain how redistribution of blood during physical activity occurs

A

VCC sends messages to where blood is needed
More blood is given to working muscles
Vessels carrying blood towards working muscles vasolidate
Vessels carrying blood towards non working muscles muscles vasoconstrict

Anatomy And Physiology (13 decks)

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