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Z. CV FINAL > Cardiac Anatomy - Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Cardiac Anatomy - Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Cardiovascular System

A
  • Transport essential substances to tissues
  • Remove metabolism by-products
  • Regulate body temperature
  • Humoral communication throughout body
  • Adjusts oxygen and nutrient supply in different physiological states
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2
Q

Why is the heart considered two pumps?

A
  • Right side pumps blood to lungs - Pulmonary circulation
  • Left side pumps blood to body - Systemic circulation
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3
Q

What parts of the heart cause unidirectional flow?

A

Valves

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4
Q

Function of capillaries

A
  • Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in tissues
  • Deliver nutrients and remove wastes from cells
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5
Q

What part of circulation has the majority of the total blood volume?

A

Venous System - 70%

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6
Q

What part of circulation has greatest resistance to blood flow?

A

Arterioles

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7
Q

Blood flow in the capillaries are….

A

Non-pulsatile

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8
Q

What is the relationship of velocity of blood flow an the cross-sectional area of vascular system?

A

Inversely related - as cross-sectional area increases, velocity of blood decreases

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9
Q

What are ideal conditions for capillary function?

A

Very slow blood flow velocity (in large areas) for exchange of diffusible substances

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10
Q

How is blood flow related to the majority of tissue beds in the body?

A
  • Blood flow is related to tissues needs
  • Cardiac output controlled by sum of all local tissue flows
  • Arterial pressure controlled independently of local blood flow or cardiac output control
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11
Q

Boundaries of Mediastinum

A

Superior - Above plane between sternal angle and inferior border of T4 vertebral body

Inferior - anterior, middle, and posterior

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12
Q

Where is the heart located in the mediastinum?

A

Middle mediastinum

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13
Q

Layers of the Pericardium

A
  • Fibrous Layer
  • Serous Layer - contains Parietal Layer, Visceral Layer, and Pericardial cavity
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14
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Heart

A

T1-T4 Cardiac accelerators, Stellate gangila, and MIddle cervical ganglia

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15
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation of Heart

A
  • Originates in mudulla oblongata
  • Vagus nerves
  • Much innervation to SA and AV,
  • Little innervation to ventricles
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16
Q

Paths of Conduction

A
  • Sinoatrial - (SA to LA) or (SA to AV)
  • Atrioventricular - Bundle of His
  • Bundle Branches
    • Left BB - Anterior and Posterior
    • Right BB
17
Q

Structures of Right Atrium

A
  • Vena Cavae - superior and inferior (w/ eustachian valve)
  • Crista Terminalis - divides RA
    • RA appendage - right auricle - trabeculated
    • Smooth portion around vena cavae
  • Coronary Sinus - venous drainage
  • Fossa Ovalis - foramen ovale remnant
  • Tricuspid Valve
18
Q

What is Coronary Sinus and where does it drain?

A

Venous channel that receives blood from cardiac veins and empties into Right Atrium

19
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A
  • Separates RA from RV
  • 3 Leaflets - Anterior, Posterior, and Septal
20
Q

What is the shape of the Right Ventricle in cross-section?

A

Crescent-shaped and THIN walls

21
Q

What is the shape of the Left ventricle in cross-section?

A

Circular shape, THICK walls

22
Q

How many pulmonary veins present and where do they drain?

A

Four, drains OXYGENATED blood into Left Atrium

23
Q

In A-Fib, where do clots normally form?

A

Left atrial appendage

24
Q

Function of Papillary Muscles

A

Attach to the cusps of mitral and tricuspid valves via chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse on systole.

25
Q

Aortic Valve

A
  • Separates LV and Aorta
  • Trileaflet - R coronary, L coronary, non coronary
  • R and L Coronary arteries originate at Sinuses of Valsalva
  • Sino-tubular junction
26
Q

Where are the origins of coronary arteries in relation to aortic valve?

A

Sinuses of Valsalva - dilations of ascending aorta just above aortic valve

27
Q

Mitral Valve

A
  • Separates LA and LV
  • 2 Leaflets - Anterior (wide and short) and Posterior (narrow and long)
28
Q

Pulmonic Valve

A
  • Separates RV and Pulmonary Artery
  • 3 leaflets
    • Sinuses of Valsalva - dilation of main pulmonary artery just above pulmonic valve
29
Q

Right Coronary Artery

A

Supplies Posterior Descending Artery (PDA) in 85% of people

30
Q

Left Coronary Artery

A
  • Bifurcates
    • Left Anterior Descending (LAD) - Diagonal branches
    • Left Circumflex - Obtuse marginal(es)
    • Ramus Intermedius - additional branch in 37% of people (trifurcation)
31
Q

What determines coronary artery dominance?

A

The artery that supplies the posterior third

If supplied by:

RCA = right-dominant
CX = left-dominant
Both = co-dominant
32
Q

Blood Supplies of Left Ventricle

A
  • LAD - anterior, anterio-septal, septal, apical anterior, apical inferior
  • CX - mid posterior, lateral,
  • PDA - inferior, basal posterior

Z. CV FINAL (11 decks)

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