Cardiac Flashcards
Types of stress testing:
ECG
Echo
Nuclear medicine
Unit of measure for exercise stress testing:
Metabolic equivalents (METS)
What is 1 MET?
Eat, dress, use toilet, walk around the house
What is 4 METs?
Do light work around the house like dusting or washing dishes.
What is greater than 10 METs?
Participate in strenuous sports.
Labs for CAD?
CBC- to detect anemia, infection, platelet function
CMP- renal/liver disease (for use when prescribing medications)
Lipids- baseline risk
Creatine kinase (CK)- used to measure muscle enzymes- baseline for the use of statins
TSH- presence of arrhythmias or other causes of ischemia
High-sensitivity CRP and homocysteine- risk but evidence suggests these are not helpful
This is angioplasty with possible stenting?
Percutaneous coronary intervention
This is reconfiguring the patients blood flow with the patients arteries or vein grafts?
Bypass surgery
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome (presence of 3 or more):
Waist circ: greater than 40inches males and 35 inches female Triglycerides greater than 150 Low HDL level BP over 130/85 FBG over 200
Large box in ECG strip =
O.20 s
Each small box in ECH strip =
0.04s
Five large boxes in ECG strip =
1s
The PR interval is:
From the beginning of the p wave to the beginning of the QRS complex
A normal PR interval =
0.12-0.2 s
The QRS interval starts with:
Deflection away from the PR interval, continues to end of QRS complex
What does the QRS interval respresent?
The time taken for an impulse to spread down the bundle branches and purkinje fibers through the ventricles
Usual length of QRS complex is:
0.04-0.12
This represents the entire time taken for electrical depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles.
QT interval
Normal QTc is less than
0.44
What are the inferior leads?
II, III, AvF - look from bottom up
What are the septal leads?
V1, V2 - look at ventricular septum
What leads are lateral?
V4, V6 - look at axillary line
What are anterior leads?
V3, V 4