Cardiac Flashcards
what is the presentation of PVC
early wide bizzared QRS, no p wave seen
what is the presentation of PAC
abnormally shaped p waves
what is the presentation of PJC
narrow QRS complex, no p wave or inverted p wave
what is the presentation of paroxysmal SVT
narrow, comprex tachycardia, no discernible p waves
what are the types of sick sinus syndrome
Brady-Tachy and Sinus arrhest
what is the presentation of sinus arrest
prolonged absence of sinus node activity (absent p waves) >3 seconds
what is a sinus arrhythmia
normal, inimal variation in SA node pacing rate in association with phases of respiraton.
what arrhythmia presents with a early wide “bizarre” QRS, with no p wave seen
PVCs
what presents with three or more consecutive VPBs, displaying a broad QRS complex tachycardia
vetntricular tachycardia
what presents with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that appears to be twisting around a baseline
torsades de pointes
chest pain that is relieved by sitting and/or leaning forward
pericarditis
what are the most common causes of congestive heart failure
CAD
HTN
MI
DM
what is the treatment of systolic left heart failure
ACEi + BB + Loop diuretic
what is the treatment of diastolic heart failure
ACEi + BB or CCB
what is the definitive diagnostic test for CAD
cardiac catheterization
what is the treatment of acute coronary syndrome
Morphine, oxygen, Nitro, ASA, ACEi
may also use BB, GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, angioplasty
what drugs improve post-MI mortality rates
ASA
BB
ACEi
ARBs
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
what is subacute bacterial endocarditis
indolent infection of abnormal valves with less virulent organisms (S. viridians)
what pathogen is associated wtih IVDU endocarditis
S. aureus
what pathogen is associated with prostehtic valve endocarditis
S. epidermidis
what is the classic sign of endocarditis
oslers node
janeway lesions
roth spots
spinter hamorrhages
what is the treatment of endocarditis
IV vanco or ampicillin/sulbactam + aminoglycoside
what should be added to medication regiment for the treatment of prostheic valve endocarditis
+ Rifampin
what should be given to high-risk endocarditis prophylaxis for procedures
amoxicillin 2g 30-60 min prior to procedure
what characterizes hypertensive retinopathy
retinal hemorrhages, exudates and papilledema
what is the treatment of choice for hypertensive urgency
clonidine
what is the treatment of choice for hypertensive emergency
sodium Nitroprusside
what is the treatment of malignant hypertension/hypertensive retinopathy
clevidipine/sodium nitroprusside
what is normal triglyceride levels
< 150 mg/dL
what is the treatment of isolated elevated triglycerides
fibrates and Niacin
What ABI level indicates significant disease
< or = 0.9
what is the gold standard study for peripheral vascular disease
angiography
what murmur presents as a systolic ejection crescendo-decrescendo at the right upper sternal boarder
Aortic Regurgitation
what murmur presents as a soft high pitched, blowing diastolic murmur along the left lower sternal border
Aortic Regurgitation
what murmur presents wtih a diastolic low pitched blowing decrescendo and rumbling with opening snap at LUSB and apex
Mitral stenosis
what murmur presents as a blowing holosystolic murmur at Apex with split S2
Mitral regurgitation
what murmur presents with a harsh systolic ejection crescendo-decrescendo murmur with widely split S2 at LUSB
Pulmonary stenosis
what murmur presents with high pitched, early diastolic decrescendo murmur at LUSB
pulmonic regurgitation
what murmur presents with a mid diastolic rumbling at LLSB with opening snap
tricuspid stenosis
what murmur presents with high pitched holosystolic murmur at LLSB
tricuspid regurgitation
